美国国家公共电台 NPR 研究人员从猪发出的声音中解读猪的情绪（在线收听）

Researchers interpret pig emotions from the sounds they make 研究人员从猪发出的声音中解读猪的情绪

Transcript

European researchers are developing a tool to help identify animal emotions through a vocal recognition system. It aims to help people who work with pigs identify whether the animals are in distress.

欧洲研究人员正在开发一种通过声音识别系统帮助识别动物情绪的工具。它的目的是帮助从事养猪工作的人识别这些动物是否处于困境。

STEVE INSKEEP, HOST:

STEVE INSKEEP，主持人：

Some humans spend a lot of time teaching words to animals.

有些人花很多时间教动物单词。

RACHEL MARTIN, HOST:

主持人RACHEL MARTIN：

In recent years, Alex, the African gray parrot, developed a vocabulary of 150 words.

近年来，非洲灰鹦鹉亚历克斯发展出了150个单词的词汇。

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

（存档录音的声音片段）

IRENE PEPPERBERG: What's here?

艾琳：这里是什么？

ALEX: Truck.

亚历克斯：卡车。

PEPPERBERG: That's a good boy. Truck - good boy.

佩珀博格：那是个好孩子。卡车-好孩子。

ALEX: Want nut.

亚历克斯：想要坚果。

PEPPERBERG: Well, you can have a nut. Go choose your own.

佩珀博格：嗯，你可以吃一个坚果。去选择你自己的。

MARTIN: Amazing. Also, in recent years, Koko the gorilla learned sign language.

马丁：太棒了。此外，近年来，大猩猩科科学会了手语。

INSKEEP: Other scientists try to figure out the languages that animals already have. Suppose we think of this as a form of expression.

INSKEEP：其他科学家试图找出动物已经拥有的语言。假设我们认为这是一种表达形式。

(SOUNDBITE OF PIG GRUNTING)

（猪咕噜的声音）

MARTIN: Pigs are the subject of the study by Elodie Briefer. She's at Copenhagen University and a lead researcher for the SoundWel project.

马丁：猪是Elodie Briefer的研究对象。她在哥本哈根大学，是SoundWel项目的首席研究员。

ELODIE BRIEFER: What we did in this paper is to try to see if the calls produced in different situations vary.

ELODIE BRIEFER：我们在这篇论文中所做的是试图看看在不同情况下产生的呼叫是否不同。

MARTIN: They've been listening to the sounds a few pigs make from birth.

马丁：他们一直在听几头猪从出生时发出的声音。

BRIEFER: So based on the behavior, we then classify them as emotionally positive, so which would be something that usually increase your chance of survival and that they would approach - or negative, which is where they would - situations they would avoid and which would decrease your chance of survival.

BRIEFER：因此，根据这些行为，我们将他们归类为情绪积极的，因此这通常会增加你的生存机会，他们会接近-或消极的，这是他们会避免的-情况，这会降低你的生存几率。

INSKEEP: Think about that. They identified four or five basic sounds that may give clues to how a pig feels.

INSKEEP：想想看。他们确定了四到五种基本的声音，这些声音可能为猪的感觉提供线索。

BRIEFER: The main ones are their grunts.

主持人：主要是他们的呼噜声。

(SOUNDBITE OF PIG GRUNTING)

（猪咕噜的声音）

BRIEFER: They have kind of low and closed and open-mouth grunts. And they have barks.

主持人：他们有一种低沉、紧闭和张开的呼噜声。它们有树皮。

(SOUNDBITE OF PIG BARKING)

（猪叫声）

BRIEFER: And they have screams...

主持人：他们有尖叫声。。。

(SOUNDBITE OF PIG SCREAMING)

（猪尖叫的声音）

BRIEFER: ...And squeals.

布里弗：。。。尖叫。

(SOUNDBITE OF PIG SQUEALING)

（猪叫声）

INSKEEP: (Laughter) Amazing.

INSKEEP：（笑声）太棒了。

MARTIN: Wow. I don't really know what to say. Briefer says listening to pigs can help improve their welfare, which in turn helps a pig farmer.

马丁：哇。我真的不知道该说什么。Briefer说，倾听猪的声音有助于改善他们的福利，这反过来也有助于养猪户。

INSKEEP: And at this point, we do have to just say it - pigs are mainly raised as a food source.

INSKEEP：在这一点上，我们不得不说，猪主要是作为食物来源饲养的。

BRIEFER: We know that animals that have better welfare, they give better quality meat. So they have - they're usually less stressed. And stress triggers the release of cortisol, which gives a bad taste to the meat. So we know that better welfare leads to meat of better quality.

主持人：我们知道，拥有更好福利的动物，它们会产出更优质的肉。因此，他们通常压力较小。压力会引发皮质醇的释放，这会给肉带来不好的味道。所以我们知道，更好的福利会带来更优质的肉。

INSKEEP: OK. Briefer and her team believe that their method is about 92% accurate in discerning a pig's emotional state. And they plan to build some kind of tool, maybe an app, to help farmers listen to the pigs.

INSKEEP：好的。Briefer和她的团队认为，他们的方法在辨别猪的情绪状态时准确率约为92%。他们计划建立某种工具，也许是一个应用程序，帮助农民倾听猪的声音。