VOA科学技术2023 南亚空气污染被视为预期寿命的重大风险

Air Pollution Now Considered Major Risk to Life Expectancy¹ in South Asia

南亚空气污染被视为预期寿命的重大风险

A new environmental report says rising air pollution across South Asia can cut life expectancy rates by up to five years.

一份新的环境报告称，南亚各地日益严重的空气污染可能会使预期寿命缩短五年。

South Asia includes the world's most polluted countries, including India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan. The area accounts for more than half of the total lives lost worldwide to pollution, the Energy Policy Institute said in its latest Air Quality Life Index. The institute is part of the University of Chicago.

南亚囊括了全球污染最严重的国家：印度、孟加拉国、尼泊尔和巴基斯坦。美国能源政策研究所在最新的空气质量生命指数中表示，该地区占全球因污染致死总人数的一半以上。该研究所隶属于芝加哥大学。

The report blames the air pollution dangers on fast industrialization and population growth across South Asia. Researchers estimate the area currently² has particle pollution rates that are 50 percent higher than at the start of the century.

该报告将这种空气污染威胁归咎于南亚的快速工业化和人口增长。研究人员估计，该地区目前的颗粒物污染率比本世纪初高出50%。

Individuals living in Bangladesh, the world's most polluted country, stand to lose 6.8 years of life on average per person, the report found. This compares to 3.6 months in the United States. The information is based on satellite data used to estimate the effects of increased airborne fine particles on life expectancy.

报告发现，生活在孟加拉国这个全球污染最严重国家的个人平均每人将减寿6.8年。相比之下，美国为3.6个月。这些信息是基于用于估算空气中细颗粒物增加对预期寿命影响的卫星数据。

The report said India has been responsible for about 59 percent of the world's increase in pollution since 2013. In densely³ populated New Delhi, the world's most polluted large city, the average life expectancy had dropped by more than 10 years.

报告称，自2013年以来，印度占到了全球污染增长的59%左右。人口稠密的新德里作为全球污染最严重的大城市，平均预期寿命下降了10年以上。

The report called for cuts in worldwide levels of lung-harming airborne particles to levels sought by the World Health Organization (WHO). If these cuts were reached, it could raise average life expectancy rates by 2.3 years.

该报告呼吁将全球危害肺部的空气颗粒物水平降至世界卫生组织要求的水平。如果实现这些削减，平均预期寿命可能会提高2.3年。

A person living in Pakistan would gain 3.9 years from meeting WHO pollution guidelines⁴, the report added. And in Nepal, a person would live 4.6 years longer if the guidelines were met.

报告补充道，如果达到世卫组织污染指导方针的标准，巴基斯坦人民的寿命将因此延长3.9年。如果尼泊尔符合该指导方针，个人寿命将延长4.6年。

The report noted⁵ that China has worked to reduce pollution by 42.3 percent between 2013 and 2021. The researchers said this shows the need for governments to produce and share air quality data to help reduce inequalities in getting tools to fight pollution.

报告指出，中国在2013年至2021年间努力将污染降低了42.3%。研究人员表示，这表明政府有必要编制和发布空气质量数据，以帮助减少在获得对抗污染工具方面的不平等。

1 expectancy   

n.期望，预期，（根据概率统计求得）预期数额

参考例句：

• Japanese people have a very high life expectancy.日本人的平均寿命非常长。
• The atomosphere of tense expectancy sobered everyone.这种期望的紧张气氛使每个人变得严肃起来。

2 currently   

adv.通常地，普遍地，当前

参考例句：

• Currently it is not possible to reconcile this conflicting evidence.当前还未有可能去解释这一矛盾的例证。
• Our contracts are currently under review.我们的合同正在复查。

3 densely   

ad.密集地；浓厚地

参考例句：

• A grove of trees shadowed the house densely. 树丛把这幢房子遮蔽得很密实。
• We passed through miles of densely wooded country. 我们穿过好几英里茂密的林地。

4 guidelines   

n.指导方针，准则

参考例句：

• The government has drawn up guidelines on the treatment of the mentally ill. 政府制订了对待精神病人的指导方针。
• Planners seem a little uncomfortable with the current government guidelines. 规划师似乎不太接受现行的政府指道方针。

5 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。