VOA常速英语2013--叙利亚库尔德组织击败伊斯兰教派，宣布自治

 

Syrian Kurds Defeat Islamists, Declare Autonomy 叙利亚库尔德组织击败伊斯兰教派，宣布自治

LONDON — The most powerful Kurdish faction¹ in Syria has declared self-rule over the territory it controls in the northeast of the country.  The announcement further complicates³ the civil war in Syria, and presents a complex problem for neighboring Turkey and the autonomous⁴ Kurdistan Regional Government in northern Iraq.  

伦敦-叙利亚最有实力的库尔德组织宣布，在它控制之下的东北部区域实行自治。这份声明使叙利亚的内战形式更加恶化，并且给邻国土耳其和伊拉克北部的库尔德自治政府带来更复杂的问题。

In recent weeks, Kurdish militia⁵ in Syria have ousted⁶ Islamist fighters from several villages close to the Turkish border.

最近几周，叙利亚的库尔德民兵武装已经把伊斯兰教反对者从靠近土耳其边界的几个村庄重赶出。

The victories prompted the main political group of Syria's Kurds, known as the PYD, to declare autonomy.

胜利促使PYD--叙利亚最主要的政党宣布自治。

At a press conference in Paris this week, the head of the PYD Saleh Muslim discussed why the Kurds were able to defeat the Islamists.

这周在巴黎召开的记者招待会上，PYD的首领Saleh Muslim 谈及了库尔德组织为什么能打败伊斯兰教派。

“Because in the end, they are fighting for money, as I mentioned.  There are about 3,000 people killed from them.  At the beginning, they were strong, but now they are not strong enough," said Muslim.

“因为到了最后，正像我提到的，他们是为了钱在打仗。大约有3000多人被他们杀害。最初，他们是强壮的，但是现在，他们不够强了。”Muslim说。

Opposition⁷ groups in Syria accuse the Kurds of colluding with Syrian government forces - a claim the PYD strongly denies.

PYD的声明强烈否认了叙利亚反对党指责叙利亚政府武装和库尔德之间的共谋。

There was some coordination⁸ over the withdrawal⁹ of government troops from Kurdish areas last year - but they remain historic enemies, says Robert Lowe of the Middle East Center at the London School of Economics.

去年政府武装从库尔德地区撤军时，双方有些合作。但是他们依然是历史上的敌人。来自伦敦经济学校的中东中心的Robert Lowe说。

“Maybe the regime has been buying time and it’s one area of Syria they would prefer not be fighting at the moment.  But I think the regime will be unhappy that the Kurds have gone as far as to declare a full autonomous government because contemplating¹⁰ any break-up of Syrian territory is an absolute red line for a regime built on Arab nationalism," said Lowe.

“或许政治制度被时代收买了而且这个地区的叙利亚人在那个时刻不想开战。但是我认为政治制度并不乐观，库尔德已经走的够远宣布一个完全自治的政府。因为考虑到任何叙利亚胜利的崩裂是一种绝对的红线对于建立在阿拉伯民族主义上的政治来讲。”Lowe说。

Kurdish gains in Syria pose a complex problem for Turkey.

对土耳其来讲，库尔德在叙利亚的获利引起来复杂的问题。

The border has long been porous¹¹; Turkish attempts to build a frontier wall are being met with violent protests.

易穿过的边境线更长了，土耳其试图建立前线壁垒遭到了暴力反对。

Ankara also is trying to negotiate a peace deal to end the decades-long war against Kurdish separatists known as the PKK, which is closely allied¹² to the PYD in Syria.

安卡拉也正尝试通过和平谈判来终结长达几十年反对库尔德分裂主义者的战争。比如PKK,这是PYD在叙利亚的同盟。

But the move towards autonomy for the Kurds - already in northern Iraq, and now increasingly in Syria - could benefit Turkey, says Ibrahim Sirkeci of Regents University in London.

但是在伊拉克北部地区，对库尔德人来说，运动已经朝自治的方向发展，而且现在在叙利亚越来越多，这可能对土耳其有利。伦敦瑞金大学的Ibrahim Sirkeci 说。

“Independence of Kurdistan in either of these countries perhaps will be conducive¹³ to establish a more peaceful solution which may appear in Turkey as well in the medium to long-term," said Sirkeci.

库尔德的独立不但有助于土耳其出现更多的和平局面的建立而且长期的中东。Sirkeci说。

Kurds in northern Iraq already enjoy much autonomy.  Statehood for all Kurds may be a long held dream, but Iraq’s Kurdistan Regional Government will be wary¹⁴ of the developments in Syria, says Robert Lowe.

伊拉克北部的库尔德人非常享受自治。国家地位对所有的库尔德人来说可能是一个长期的梦想。但是伊拉克库尔德自治政府将持谨慎的态度对待叙利亚的发展。Robert Lowe说。

“The party, the PYD which has declared autonomy, is not an ally of the Kurds in Iraq.  And also partly because it upsets Turkey, which is a very, very important partner for the Kurds in Iraq," he said.

“已经宣布独立的政党，PYD，不是库尔德人在伊拉克的同盟。部分原因是它让土耳其，这个库尔德在伊拉克非常非常重要的合作伙伴感到不安。”他说。

But more broadly, the regional momentum¹⁵ is towards Kurdish independence, says Ibrahim Sirkeci.

但大体上，区域趋势是朝库尔德独立发展，Ibrahim Sirkeci 说。

“It may appear in a federal system, a confederal system or whatever, but it seems at the moment there is nothing against that. The environment is quite conducive," he said.

“它可能会以同盟体系，联盟体系或者其他什么形式出现，但眼下没什么可反对它的。环境是非常有益的。”他说。

Analysts¹⁶ say the Kurdish gains further complicate² the ongoing¹⁷ civil war in Syria, which is witnessing the splintering of opposition forces. 

分析家说库尔德人使叙利亚正持续进行的内战更加复杂化。这是从反对武装分离出来的迹象。

1 faction   

n.宗派，小集团；派别；派系斗争

参考例句：

• Faction and self-interest appear to be the norm.派系之争和自私自利看来非常普遍。
• I now understood clearly that I was caught between the king and the Bunam's faction.我现在完全明白自己已陷入困境，在国王与布纳姆集团之间左右为难。

2 complicate   

vt.使复杂化，使混乱，使难懂

参考例句：

• There is no need to complicate matters.没有必要使问题复杂化。
• These events will greatly complicate the situation.这些事件将使局势变得极其复杂。

3 complicates   

使复杂化( complicate的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• What complicates the issue is the burden of history. 历史的重负使问题复杂化了。
• Russia as a great and ambitious power gravely complicates the situation. 俄国作为一个强大而有野心的国家，使得局势异常复杂。

4 autonomous   

adj.自治的；独立的

参考例句：

• They proudly declared themselves part of a new autonomous province.他们自豪地宣布成为新自治省的一部分。
• This is a matter that comes within the jurisdiction of the autonomous region.这件事是属于自治区权限以内的事务。

5 militia   

n.民兵，民兵组织

参考例句：

• First came the PLA men,then the people's militia.人民解放军走在前面，其次是民兵。
• There's a building guarded by the local militia at the corner of the street.街道拐角处有一幢由当地民兵团守卫的大楼。

6 ousted   

驱逐( oust的过去式和过去分词 )； 革职； 罢黜； 剥夺

参考例句：

• He was ousted as chairman. 他的主席职务被革除了。
• He may be ousted by a military takeover. 他可能在一场军事接管中被赶下台。

7 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

8 coordination   

n.协调，协作

参考例句：

• Gymnastics is a sport that requires a considerable level of coordination.体操是一项需要高协调性的运动。
• The perfect coordination of the dancers and singers added a rhythmic charm to the performance.舞蹈演员和歌手们配合得很好，使演出更具魅力。

9 withdrawal   

n.取回，提款；撤退，撤军；收回，撤销

参考例句：

• The police were forced to make a tactical withdrawal.警方被迫进行战术撤退。
• They insisted upon a withdrawal of the statement and a public apology.他们坚持要收回那些话并公开道歉。

10 contemplating   

深思，细想，仔细考虑( contemplate的现在分词 )； 注视，凝视； 考虑接受（发生某事的可能性）； 深思熟虑，沉思，苦思冥想

参考例句：

• You're too young to be contemplating retirement. 你考虑退休还太年轻。
• She stood contemplating the painting. 她站在那儿凝视那幅图画。

11 porous   

adj.可渗透的，多孔的

参考例句：

• He added sand to the soil to make it more porous.他往土里掺沙子以提高渗水性能。
• The shell has to be slightly porous to enable oxygen to pass in.外壳不得不有些细小的孔以便能使氧气通过。

12 allied   

adj.协约国的；同盟国的

参考例句：

• Britain was allied with the United States many times in history.历史上英国曾多次与美国结盟。
• Allied forces sustained heavy losses in the first few weeks of the campaign.同盟国在最初几周内遭受了巨大的损失。

13 conducive   

adj.有益的，有助的

参考例句：

• This is a more conducive atmosphere for studying.这样的氛围更有利于学习。
• Exercise is conducive to good health.体育锻炼有助于增强体质。

14 wary   

adj.谨慎的，机警的，小心的

参考例句：

• He is wary of telling secrets to others.他谨防向他人泄露秘密。
• Paula frowned,suddenly wary.宝拉皱了皱眉头，突然警惕起来。

15 momentum   

n.动力，冲力，势头；动量

参考例句：

• We exploit the energy and momentum conservation laws in this way.我们就是这样利用能量和动量守恒定律的。
• The law of momentum conservation could supplant Newton's third law.动量守恒定律可以取代牛顿第三定律。

16 analysts   

分析家，化验员( analyst的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• City analysts forecast huge profits this year. 伦敦金融分析家预测今年的利润非常丰厚。
• I was impressed by the high calibre of the researchers and analysts. 研究人员和分析人员的高素质给我留下了深刻印象。

17 ongoing   

adj.进行中的，前进的

参考例句：

• The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
• The issues raised in the report relate directly to Age Concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。