改革推动古巴的发展

改革推动古巴的发展

 HAVANA, Dec. 30 (Xinhua) -- The Cuban government continued to implement¹ reforms in 2013 as part of its efforts to modernize² its social system and spur economic development.

All year through, officials continued to make progress on more than 300 reforms spearheaded by Cuban leader Raul Castro, who said in the middle of the year that the preliminary results were encouraging, though much more remained to be done "to modernize our economic and social model."

The most anticipated reform came in January, when the government passed a new immigration law scrapping³ requests for Cubans to produce exit permits and letters of invitation before traveling abroad.

May was a month of major economic reforms as the government agreed to give more autonomy to state-run companies. It also began to create several non-agricultural cooperatives, or some 200 semi-private enterprises, most in the field of transportation, construction, and the recycling, processing and marketing⁴ of raw materials.

In June, another important reform was implemented⁵, as the state-owned Telecommunications Company of Cuba opened 121 cyber cafes in the country, where Cubans could surf the Internet.

The move brought the Internet closer to Cubans. Until then, Internet access was limited to foreign visitors or residents, and mostly concentrated at hotels, as only Cuban professionals in certain fields were authorized⁶ access, including academics, journalists, doctors or artists.

In July, Cubans began to discuss a new labor⁷ law, which was finally approved by the National Assembly of People's Power on Dec. 20. The law particularly addresses the needs of the nearly half a million Cubans who are now self-employed, as those working in the country's budding private sector⁸ are called.

Perhaps the biggest news of the year, announced in October, was the gradual move to unify¹⁰ Cuban dual⁹ currency system into a single one.

Jose Luis Rodriguez, the former economy minister, said the country would take at least three years to comply with the monetary¹¹ union, because it was a "complex issue intertwined with the process of an ongoing¹² program of structural¹³ transformations¹⁴, and its gradual implementation¹⁵ will take time."

Cuba held the International Fair of Havana in early november, where Rodrigo Malmierca, minister of foreign trade and investment, presented the Special Development Zone of Mariel to potential foreign investors¹⁶.

The development zone, located at Mariel Port, west of Havana, is a key part of the country's strategy to modernize its economy by attracting companies with incentives¹⁷ and tax breaks, generating exports, creating jobs, and promoting the transfer of technology.

The latest data predicted a 2.7-percent GDP growth in 2013, below the the previous estimate of 3.6 percent, mostly due to a fall in foreign revenue earnings¹⁸, incomes of manufacturing and construction.

Still, most sectors¹⁹ registered increases compared to 2012, Economy Minister Abdel Yzquierdo said.

1 implement   

n.(pl.)工具，器具；vt.实行，实施，执行

参考例句：

• Don't undertake a project unless you can implement it.不要承担一项计划，除非你能完成这项计划。
• The best implement for digging a garden is a spade.在花园里挖土的最好工具是铁锹。

2 modernize   

vt.使现代化，使适应现代的需要

参考例句：

• It was their manifest failure to modernize the country's industries.他们使国家进行工业现代化，明显失败了。
• There is a pressing need to modernise our electoral system.我们的选举制度迫切需要现代化。

3 scrapping   

刮，切除坯体余泥

参考例句：

• He was always scrapping at school. 他在学校总打架。
• These two dogs are always scrapping. 这两条狗总是打架。

4 marketing   

n.行销，在市场的买卖，买东西

参考例句：

• They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。
• He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。

5 implemented   

v.实现( implement的过去式和过去分词 )；执行；贯彻；使生效

参考例句：

• This agreement, if not implemented, is a mere scrap of paper. 这个协定如不执行只不过是一纸空文。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The economy is in danger of collapse unless far-reaching reforms are implemented. 如果不实施影响深远的改革，经济就面临崩溃的危险。 来自辞典例句

6 authorized   

a.委任的，许可的

参考例句：

• An administrative order is valid if authorized by a statute.如果一个行政命令得到一个法规的认可那么这个命令就是有效的。

7 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

8 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

9 dual   

adj.双的；二重的，二元的

参考例句：

• The people's Republic of China does not recognize dual nationality for any Chinese national.中华人民共和国不承认中国公民具有双重国籍。
• He has dual role as composer and conductor.他兼作曲家及指挥的双重身分。

10 unify   

vt.使联合，统一；使相同，使一致

参考例句：

• How can we unify such scattered islands into a nation?我们怎么才能把如此分散的岛屿统一成一个国家呢？
• It is difficult to imagine how the North and South could ever agree on a formula to unify the divided peninsula.很难想象南北双方在统一半岛的方案上究竟怎样才能达成一致。

11 monetary   

adj.货币的，钱的；通货的；金融的；财政的

参考例句：

• The monetary system of some countries used to be based on gold.过去有些国家的货币制度是金本位制的。
• Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。

12 ongoing   

adj.进行中的，前进的

参考例句：

• The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
• The issues raised in the report relate directly to Age Concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。

13 structural   

adj.构造的，组织的，建筑（用）的

参考例句：

• The storm caused no structural damage.风暴没有造成建筑结构方面的破坏。
• The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities.北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。

14 transformations   

n.变化( transformation的名词复数 )；转换；转换；变换

参考例句：

• Energy transformations go on constantly, all about us. 在我们周围，能量始终在不停地转换着。 来自辞典例句
• On the average, such transformations balance out. 平均起来，这种转化可以互相抵消。 来自辞典例句

15 implementation   

n.实施，贯彻

参考例句：

• Implementation of the program is now well underway.这一项目的实施现在行情看好。

16 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

17 incentives   

激励某人做某事的事物( incentive的名词复数 )； 刺激； 诱因； 动机

参考例句：

• tax incentives to encourage savings 鼓励储蓄的税收措施
• Furthermore, subsidies provide incentives only for investments in equipment. 更有甚者，提供津贴仅是为鼓励增添设备的投资。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

18 earnings   

n.工资收人；利润，利益，所得

参考例句：

• That old man lives on the earnings of his daughter.那个老人靠他女儿的收入维持生活。
• Last year there was a 20% decrease in his earnings.去年他的收入减少了20%。

19 sectors   

n.部门( sector的名词复数 )；领域；防御地区；扇形

参考例句：

• Berlin was divided into four sectors after the war. 战后柏林分成了4 个区。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Industry and agriculture are the two important sectors of the national economy. 工业和农业是国民经济的两个重要部门。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》