农民工劳力增长放缓

 　　BEIJING, Feb. 28 (Xinhua) -- Growth in the number of former farmers pursuing non-agricultural work has slowed as more people are reluctant to leave their hometowns, official data showed on Saturday.

　　China had 274 million farmer-turned-laborers¹ as of the end of 2014, and 168 million of them had moved to cities to seek work, according to data from the Ministry² of Human Resources and Social Security (MHRSS).

　　However, growth in the number of total non-agricultural workers and migrant workers slowed to 1.9 percent and 1.3 percent respectively in 2014, from 2.4 percent and 1.7 percent the previous year.

　　China has the world's largest population of farmers.

　　China Focus: Growth in farmer-turned-laborers slows

　　But their willingness to grow crops has waned³ as returns from the land are typically much smaller than those from working in cities, posing threats to the country's food security. The trend is slowing, however, thanks to the government's efforts to boost agricultural production.

　　The number of new workers coming from rural areas has been shrinking since 2011, said Vice⁴ Minister Yang Zhiming.

　　The annual increase of workers' wages has also slowed down. Monthly salaries of migrant workers increased less than 10 percent to 2,864 yuan (around 470 U.S. dollars) in 2014, down from 13.9 percent registered in 2013 and much lower than the 20-percent increase five years ago.

　　SKILLED WORKERS NEEDED

　　Despite a growing population rushing to cities, experienced laborers are still badly needed in China, which is trying to move up the global value chain by stimulating⁵ high-tech⁶ sectors⁸ with high value added.

　　The majority of migrant workers in China lack skills -- only one third of workers have received training before employment. Workers that can be counted as having expertise⁹ in their field accounted for 19 percent of all those employed nationwide, while highly-skilled talent made up merely 5 percent, the MHRSS data showed.

　　Chinese factories have started to meet trouble in finding qualified¹⁰ workers, while former farmers are familiar with the experience of being turned for jobs on the grounds that they lack skills.

　　The structural¹¹ contradiction has become a normal state, Yang said.

　　The problem has emerged as a hurdle¹² to industrial upgrading in China, which is mulling measures to reverse the situation.

　　The country plans to launch a mass training program to train 20 million migrant workers each year, according to Yang. "As of 2020, all young migrant workers will be able to learn a trade with subsidies¹³ from the government," he said.

　　Measures including tax reduction will also be maintained to support companies in the tertiary sector⁷, small and medium-sized enterprises and labor-intensive factories, usually generous employers of workers from the countryside.

　　In addition, seasoned migrant workers will be encouraged to return to their hometown and set up their own businesses, Yang said, estimating the size of this group at two million currently.

1 laborers   

n.体力劳动者，工人( laborer的名词复数 )；（熟练工人的）辅助工

参考例句：

• Laborers were trained to handle 50-ton compactors and giant cranes. 工人们接受操作五十吨压土机和巨型起重机的训练。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• Wage-labour rests exclusively on competition between the laborers. 雇佣劳动完全是建立在工人的自相竞争之上的。 来自英汉非文学 - 共产党宣言

2 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

3 waned   

v.衰落( wane的过去式和过去分词 )；（月）亏；变小；变暗淡

参考例句：

• However,my enthusiasm waned.The time I spent at exercises gradually diminished. 然而，我的热情减退了。我在做操上花的时间逐渐减少了。 来自《用法词典》
• The bicycle craze has waned. 自行车热已冷下去了。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

4 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

5 stimulating   

adj.有启发性的，能激发人思考的

参考例句：

• shower gel containing plant extracts that have a stimulating effect on the skin 含有对皮肤有益的植物精华的沐浴凝胶
• This is a drug for stimulating nerves. 这是一种兴奋剂。

6 high-tech   

adj.高科技的

参考例句：

• The economy is in the upswing which makes high-tech services in more demand too.经济在蓬勃发展，这就使对高科技服务的需求量也在加大。
• The quest of a cure for disease with high-tech has never ceased. 人们希望运用高科技治疗疾病的追求从未停止过。

7 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

8 sectors   

n.部门( sector的名词复数 )；领域；防御地区；扇形

参考例句：

• Berlin was divided into four sectors after the war. 战后柏林分成了4 个区。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Industry and agriculture are the two important sectors of the national economy. 工业和农业是国民经济的两个重要部门。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

9 expertise   

n.专门知识(或技能等)，专长

参考例句：

• We were amazed at his expertise on the ski slopes.他斜坡滑雪的技能使我们赞叹不已。
• You really have the technical expertise in a new breakthrough.让你真正在专业技术上有一个全新的突破。

10 qualified   

adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的

参考例句：

• He is qualified as a complete man of letters.他有资格当真正的文学家。
• We must note that we still lack qualified specialists.我们必须看到我们还缺乏有资质的专家。

11 structural   

adj.构造的，组织的，建筑（用）的

参考例句：

• The storm caused no structural damage.风暴没有造成建筑结构方面的破坏。
• The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities.北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。

12 hurdle   

n.跳栏，栏架；障碍，困难；vi.进行跨栏赛

参考例句：

• The weather will be the biggest hurdle so I have to be ready.天气将会是最大的障碍，所以我必须要作好准备。
• She clocked 11.6 seconds for the 80 metre hurdle.八十米跳栏赛跑她跑了十一秒六。

13 subsidies   

n.补贴，津贴，补助金( subsidy的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• European agriculture ministers failed to break the deadlock over farm subsidies. 欧洲各国农业部长在农业补贴问题上未能打破僵局。
• Agricultural subsidies absorb about half the EU's income. 农业补贴占去了欧盟收入的大约一半。 来自《简明英汉词典》