全球变暖 北极生态系统面临挑战

 　　Northeast Arctic cod¹, usually found in the Barents Seas, have been traveling up to the archipelago of Svalbard for the past three years.

　　Off the coast of Longyearbyen, a Norwegian city located just 1,300 kilometers from the North Pole, scientists are trying to figure out the impact the non-native fish species' appearance will have.

　　Professor Ole Arve Misund, once a fisherman and now marine² biologist from the University Centre in Svalbard, is one of them.

　　"We are trying here to catch a Northeast Arctic Cod that we have seen on our echo-sounder. I had one just touching³ my gear now but it slipped away. So we know they are here, and they are coming because the water is warm enough for them to be here to feed."

　　Within just five minutes, Misund quickly gets his first catch of the day, which would not have been the case a decade ago.

　　全球变暖 北极生态系统面临挑战

　　Northeast Arctic Cod is a predatory species and one of the largest cod stocks in the world. In recent years, an increasing proportion of the mature cod has been caught north of the traditional spawning⁴ area.

　　Professor Misund suggests that the warmer climate has led to the cods⁵' migration⁶ northwards.

　　"The last three years, we have had them (Northeast Arctic Cod) every autumn. They were recorded here before to a varying degree, but because of the warmer waters in recent years, we now see them every season. The waters are heating, and they are now so warm - 3 to 4 degrees Celsius⁷ - and it's possible for species that normally live further south to come all this way to feed."

　　Warmer waters in the Arctic Ocean, on one hand, help these fish grow faster. But on the other hand, it could make fish more prone⁸ to infection from sea lice and other diseases, while causing more severe storms.

　　Professor Misund says the northeast Arctic cod could destroy the habitat of local fish as well as the Arctic's ecosystem⁹.

　　"They are, of course, reducing the number of Polar Cod. They are eating them of course. But they are mainly feeding on krill and basic organisms. So of course they are making an impact on the other fauna¹⁰, but I mean - that's the way nature is."

　　Unlike northeast Arctic cod, polar Cod exists in the region all year around, and is an important food source for seabirds, seals and whales.

　　The large reduction of its stock could harm the food chain, thus destroying the fragile balance of the ecosystem.

　　However, for local residents relying on planes to ship in fresh food, more cod in the fjord turns out to be a bonus.

　　Lars Frode Stangeland is a local skipper.

　　"The locals, of course they feel happy, they get cod and there is more and more fishing every year. So we get a lot of cod and haddock."

　　The World Meteorological Organization has warned that the earth's wild weather this year is breaking annual temperature records due to man-made global warming.

　　As such, the international community is waiting to see whether global leaders can keep their promise of keeping global warming within 2 degrees Celsius above the pre-industrial level, at the forthcoming Paris Climate Conference.

　　For CRI, I am Wang Mengzhen.

1 cod   

n.鳕鱼；v.愚弄；哄骗

参考例句：

• They salt down cod for winter use.他们腌鳕鱼留着冬天吃。
• Cod are found in the North Atlantic and the North Sea.北大西洋和北海有鳕鱼。

2 marine   

adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵

参考例句：

• Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
• When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时，他自愿参加了海军陆战队。

3 touching   

adj.动人的，使人感伤的

参考例句：

• It was a touching sight.这是一幅动人的景象。
• His letter was touching.他的信很感人。

4 spawning   

产卵

参考例句：

• Encounter sites have a small chance of spawning a "Commander" NPC. 遭遇战地区有很小的几率遇到NPC指挥官。
• Instantly revives your Champion at your Spawning Pool, 9 minute cooldown. 立即在出生地复活你的英雄，冷却时间9分钟。

5 cods   

n.鳕鱼（cod的复数形式）v.哄骗，愚弄（cod的第三人称单数形式）

参考例句：

• They have bought many cods. 他们买了许多鳕鱼。 来自辞典例句
• Chemical Oxygen Demand -- Settled [CODs] 化学需氧量（沉淀） 来自互联网

6 migration   

n.迁移，移居，（鸟类等的）迁徙

参考例句：

• Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
• He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。

7 Celsius   

adj.摄氏温度计的，摄氏的

参考例句：

• The temperature tonight will fall to seven degrees Celsius.今晚气温将下降到七摄氏度。
• The maximum temperature in July may be 36 degrees Celsius.七月份最高温度可能达到36摄氏度。

8 prone   

adj.(to)易于…的，很可能…的；俯卧的

参考例句：

• Some people are prone to jump to hasty conclusions.有些人往往作出轻率的结论。
• He is prone to lose his temper when people disagree with him.人家一不同意他的意见,他就发脾气。

9 ecosystem   

n.生态系统

参考例句：

• This destroyed the ecosystem of the island.这样破坏了岛上的生态系统。
• We all have an interest in maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem.维持生态系统的完整是我们共同的利益。

10 fauna   

n.(一个地区或时代的)所有动物，动物区系

参考例句：

• This National Park is an area with unique fauna and flora.该国家公园区域内具有独特的动物种群和植物种群。
• Fauna is a biological notion means all the animal life in a particular region or period. 动物群是一个生物学的概念，指的是一个特定时期或者地区的所有动物。