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伦敦金融城未来的三种命运

时间:2016-08-03 00:11来源:互联网 提供网友:mapleleaf   字体: [ ]
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    (单词翻译:双击或拖选)

   As a worker in the City of London for 20 years — first in a lowly role at the Bank of England, then in a mid-ranking position at the now defunct1 Association for Payment Services — Theresa May would not have imagined her current quandary2.

  特里萨?梅(Theresa May)曾在伦敦金融城(the City of London)工作过二十年——最初为英格兰银行(Bank of England)的基层职员,之后在现已解散的支付清算服务协会(Association for Payment Services)担任中层职位——她或许从未想到过有一天自己会面临目前的困难局面。
  Now prime minister, Mrs May faces the daunting3 prospect4 of negotiating Britain’s divorce from the EU while at the same time protecting the country’s key interests.
  作为英国的新一任首相,梅肩负着令人生畏的艰巨使命:进行英国脱离欧盟的谈判,在此过程中保护英国的核心利益。
  Close to the top of that list is the City’s role as a financial services hub and an anchor for the UK’s biggest industry, worth as much as 10 per cent of gross domestic product. Depending on how successful Mrs May is, the City could face three different futures5.
  其中最重要的一个方面,是伦敦金融城作为金融服务中心以及英国第一大产业的支柱的地位——金融服务业在英国国内生产总值(GDP)中所占比重高达10%。伦敦金融城可能面临三种不同的未来图景,而这取决于梅的脱欧谈判有多成功。
  Souped-up Singapore
  未来图景一:加强版的新加坡
  Brexit could offer an opportunity to maximise London as a less regulated offshore6 centre for renminbi trading, private banking7 or fintech, making use of the UK’s timezone advantage between Shanghai and New York.
  英国脱欧或许能够打开机遇窗口,最大程度强化伦敦作为监管相对宽松的离岸金融中心的地位,发展人民币交易、私人银行或者金融科技等领域的业务,充分利用伦敦处在上海和纽约之间的时区优势。
  If London loses its role as a gateway8 to European markets, then the City could seek to emulate9 places such as Singapore — which is able to attract business from Asia’s powerhouses through light touch regulation and a favourable10 tax regime. Despite its small size, the city state is ranked by Z/Yen, a consultancy, as the world’s leading financial centre behind London and New York.
  如果伦敦失去了欧洲市场门户的地位,那么伦敦金融城或可尝试模仿新加坡等地区的模式——新加坡凭借柔性监管以及优惠的税收制度得以从亚洲强国吸引业务。虽然规模较小,这个一城之国仍被咨询机构Z/Yen评为全球主要金融中心之一,位列伦敦和纽约之后。
  The UK could turn into a sort of souped-up Singapore “if the offshore part picks up the slack left by the departure of some European businesses,” said a managing director in government affairs at a large bank.
  英国可以转型为某种加强版的新加坡,“如果离岸业务能够添补某些欧洲业务撤离英国所留下的空白的话,”一家大型银行负责政府事务的常务董事表示。
  Britain already has a growing presence as a base for offshore renminbi trading and in April unseated Singapore as the second-largest clearing centre after Hong Kong for the currency.
  英国作为离岸人民币交易中心的地位不断增强,今年4月还取代了新加坡,成为排在香港之后的第二大人民币清算中心。
  The Swiss bankers’ association has proposed an “F4” alliance between Switzerland, London, Hong Kong and Singapore to pool ideas and resources to co-ordinate positions on global financial regulation and access to the EU market.
  瑞士银行家协会建议,瑞士、伦敦、香港和新加坡可以组成“F4”联盟,以汇聚创意和资源,协调联盟各方在全球金融监管以及欧盟市场准入方面的立场。
  Once out of the EU, the City could potentially backtrack on some of the bloc’s regulations that it most dislikes, such as curbs11 on bankers bonuses. But detractors point out that deregulating while also remaining “equivalent” so as to retain single market access would be tricky12.
  一旦脱离了欧盟,伦敦金融城或许可以停止执行自己最不喜欢的部分欧盟监管法规,例如对银行家奖金的限制。但批评者们指出,在放松监管的同时维持使英国能够继续进入欧盟单一市场的“同等监管标准”将会颇为棘手。
  Damian Kimmelman, co-founder and chief executive of tech company DueDil, said Brexit provides a great opportunity to galvanise London’s fintech industry to redesign its entire infrastructure13 using technologies such as blockchain and confirm the UK “as the fintech centre of the world”.
  科技公司DueDil的联合创始人及首席执行官达米安?基梅尔曼(Damian Kimmelman)表示,英国脱欧为推动伦敦金融科技行业的发展提供了巨大机遇,这个行业可以借此契机运用区块链等技术重新设计整个基础架构,以强化英国作为“世界金融科技中心”的地位。
  Drastic downscaling
  未来图景二:产业急剧萎缩
  The biggest blow to the City would be the loss of the crucial “passports” banks and other financial institutions use to sell services and raise funds in other EU markets from London.
  伦敦金融城可能遭遇的最大打击是,银行以及其他金融机构可能会失去在伦敦向其他欧盟市场提供服务以及募集资金所需的关键“通行证”。
  Cities such as Paris, Frankfurt and Dublin are already rolling out the red carpet for banks, and further afield Singapore New York and Dubai could also go in for the kill.
  巴黎、法兰克福、都柏林等城市都已经铺好了红毯,准备迎接从伦敦迁来的银行,距离更远的新加坡、纽约、迪拜等城市也可能参与角逐。
  A Treasury14 analysis this year suggested up to 285,000 financial sector15 jobs could be at risk after a Leave vote. The worry is that when banks leave London, the professional services firms who work with them would follow over time.
  英国财政部今年的一项分析显示,脱欧公投最多可能导致英国金融行业损失28.5万个就业岗位。令人担忧的是,如果银行撤出伦敦,与银行合作的专业服务公司可能也会逐渐跟随银行离开。
  This would be compounded by a dearth16 of foreign direct investment and a struggling UK economy.
  这种状况可能会因外国直接投资的匮乏以及英国经济形势的艰难而加剧。
  “It is bleak,” said one bank boss: “We are going into recession, no question about it. Five years from now the City might find a way to grow again but it will be a long way behind where it could have been.”
  一位银行高管表示:“前景暗淡,我们将陷入衰退,这是毫无疑问的。五年后伦敦金融城或许会找到一条复兴之路,但将远远不如本来可以达到的水平。”
  A campaign on immigration — one of the most sensitive issues in last month’s EU referendum — could also make the position of the City’s foreign workers vulnerable. Nearly 11 per cent of the City’s 360,000 workers come from elsewhere in the EU, according to the latest census17.
  有关移民的政治运动——移民是6月脱欧公投中最为敏感的话题之一——可能导致伦敦金融城中外国员工的地位更弱。最新人口调查显示,在伦敦金融城的36万名员工中,有近11%来自欧盟其他成员国。
  And London’s location as home to the world’s principal place for trading the euro — a $2tn a day market — may also come under further pressure after previous EU attempts to shift more of the business to the eurozone.
  伦敦作为全球欧元交易主要市场所在地的地位——该市场目前每日交易规模高达2万亿美元——可能会因为之前欧盟将更多此类业务转移至欧元区的尝试而受到更大的压力。
  Other countries are closely watching the City’s ties to the EU — notably18 China, whose banks recently picked London as their European financial base of choice.
  其他国家也在密切关注伦敦金融城与欧盟的关系,特别是中国,中资银行不久前选择了伦敦作为他们在欧洲开展金融业务的大本营。
  Mark Boleat, policy chairman at the City of London Corporation, said Brexit was “not helpful to our relations with China”.
  伦敦金融城政策与资源委员会主席包墨凯(Mark Boleat)表示,英国脱欧“对于我们与中国的关系没有帮助”。
  Muted London
  未来图景三:伦敦重要性减弱
  Under a scenario19 where the UK is able to fudge some sort of access to the single market, London could carry on almost as before.
  在英国能够创造出进入欧盟单一市场的某种路径的情况下,伦敦可以保持几乎和以前一样的状态。
  The key would be EU rules known as Mifid 2, which allow other nations with “equivalent” regulatory standards to operate right across the single market in sectors20 such as trading.
  其中的关键在于“欧盟金融工具市场法规II”(Mifid 2),该规则允许其他具有“同等”监管标准的国家在交易等领域进入欧盟全境开展业务。
  Banks would retain a large core presence in London. The question would be where they put new hires, rather than where they move existing employees.
  银行将把大量核心业务继续留在伦敦。问题将变成银行把招募新员工的名额放在哪里,而不是将现有的员工迁移到哪里。
  Lord Levene, who chairs Tikehau, a French investment boutique that recently relocated to London, said: “People want to live and work in London. What leaves will be pretty much on the margins21.”
  法国精品投行Tikehau的董事会主席列文勋爵(Lord Levene)表示:“人们希望在伦敦工作和生活。其余的大抵无关紧要。”Tikehau不久前迁至伦敦。
  Similarly, asset managers may well keep their headquarters in London. But many already have Luxembourg and Dublin domiciled funds and could shift more business to those centres and locate euro-denominated business inside the EU.
  同样,资产管理公司很可能也会将总部继续留在伦敦。但其中很多已经拥有了设在卢森堡以及都柏林的基金,有能力将更多的业务转移至这些金融中心,并将以欧元计值的业务安排在欧盟境内。
  Euro trading could also stay in London. Roger Liddell, the former chief executive of LCH.Clearnet, said: “If you start to divide up portfolios22 by currency you create a huge amount of inefficiency23 and a greater degree of risk.”
  欧元交易业务也可以继续留在伦敦。伦敦清算所(LCH.Clearnet)前首席执行官罗杰?里德尔(Roger Liddell)表示:“如果将资产组合按照币种分割开来,将会导致大量的低效率操作以及更大的风险。”
  Karen Briggs, head of Brexit at professional services firm KPMG, added: “There are a number of aspects that take us away from the doomsday post-Brexit scenario: the UK’s infrastructure, its trusted legal system and its strong resource and talent pool?.?.?.?It is still attractive to work in London and the UK.”
  专业金融服务公司毕马威(KPMG)负责英国脱欧业务的主管凯伦?布里格斯(Karen Briggs)补充称:“有多个方面的因素使我们可以远离英国脱欧以后的末日图景:英国的基础设施、备受信赖的司法系统以及强大的资源和人才储备……在伦敦和在英国工作仍然具有很强的吸引力。”
 

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1 defunct defunct     
adj.死亡的;已倒闭的
参考例句:
  • The scheme for building an airport seems to be completely defunct now.建造新机场的计划看来整个完蛋了。
  • This schema object is defunct.No modifications are allowed until it is made active again.此架构对象不起作用。在重新激活之前,不能进行任何改动。
2 quandary Rt1y2     
n.困惑,进迟两难之境
参考例句:
  • I was in a quandary about whether to go.我当时正犹豫到底去不去。
  • I was put in a great quandary.我陷于进退两难的窘境。
3 daunting daunting     
adj.使人畏缩的
参考例句:
  • They were faced with the daunting task of restoring the house.他们面临着修复房子的艰巨任务。
  • Starting a new job can be a daunting prospect.开始一项新工作有时会让人望而却步。
4 prospect P01zn     
n.前景,前途;景色,视野
参考例句:
  • This state of things holds out a cheerful prospect.事态呈现出可喜的前景。
  • The prospect became more evident.前景变得更加明朗了。
5 futures Isdz1Q     
n.期货,期货交易
参考例句:
  • He continued his operations in cotton futures.他继续进行棉花期货交易。
  • Cotton futures are selling at high prices.棉花期货交易的卖价是很高的。
6 offshore FIux8     
adj.海面的,吹向海面的;adv.向海面
参考例句:
  • A big program of oil exploration has begun offshore.一个大规模的石油勘探计划正在近海展开。
  • A gentle current carried them slowly offshore.和缓的潮流慢慢地把他们带离了海岸。
7 banking aySz20     
n.银行业,银行学,金融业
参考例句:
  • John is launching his son on a career in banking.约翰打算让儿子在银行界谋一个新职位。
  • He possesses an extensive knowledge of banking.他具有广博的银行业务知识。
8 gateway GhFxY     
n.大门口,出入口,途径,方法
参考例句:
  • Hard work is the gateway to success.努力工作是通往成功之路。
  • A man collected tolls at the gateway.一个人在大门口收通行费。
9 emulate tpqx9     
v.努力赶上或超越,与…竞争;效仿
参考例句:
  • You must work hard to emulate your sister.你必须努力工作,赶上你姐姐。
  • You must look at the film and try to emulate his behavior.你们必须观看这部电影,并尽力模仿他的动作。
10 favourable favourable     
adj.赞成的,称赞的,有利的,良好的,顺利的
参考例句:
  • The company will lend you money on very favourable terms.这家公司将以非常优惠的条件借钱给你。
  • We found that most people are favourable to the idea.我们发现大多数人同意这个意见。
11 curbs 33e58ba55cb8445083b74c118601eb9a     
v.限制,克制,抑制( curb的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • In executing his functions he is not bound by any legal curbs on his power. 在他履行职务时,他的权力是不受任何法律约束的。 来自辞典例句
  • Curbs on air travel were being worked out and would shortly be announced. 限制航空旅行的有关规定正在拟定中,不久即将公布。 来自辞典例句
12 tricky 9fCzyd     
adj.狡猾的,奸诈的;(工作等)棘手的,微妙的
参考例句:
  • I'm in a rather tricky position.Can you help me out?我的处境很棘手,你能帮我吗?
  • He avoided this tricky question and talked in generalities.他回避了这个非常微妙的问题,只做了个笼统的表述。
13 infrastructure UbBz5     
n.下部构造,下部组织,基础结构,基础设施
参考例句:
  • We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
  • We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设,发展各类群众文化。
14 treasury 7GeyP     
n.宝库;国库,金库;文库
参考例句:
  • The Treasury was opposed in principle to the proposals.财政部原则上反对这些提案。
  • This book is a treasury of useful information.这本书是有价值的信息宝库。
15 sector yjczYn     
n.部门,部分;防御地段,防区;扇形
参考例句:
  • The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
  • The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。
16 dearth dYOzS     
n.缺乏,粮食不足,饥谨
参考例句:
  • There is a dearth of good children's plays.目前缺少优秀的儿童剧。
  • Many people in that country died because of dearth of food.那个国家有许多人因为缺少粮食而死。
17 census arnz5     
n.(官方的)人口调查,人口普查
参考例句:
  • A census of population is taken every ten years.人口普查每10年进行一次。
  • The census is taken one time every four years in our country.我国每四年一次人口普查。
18 notably 1HEx9     
adv.值得注意地,显著地,尤其地,特别地
参考例句:
  • Many students were absent,notably the monitor.许多学生缺席,特别是连班长也没来。
  • A notably short,silver-haired man,he plays basketball with his staff several times a week.他个子明显较为矮小,一头银发,每周都会和他的员工一起打几次篮球。
19 scenario lZoxm     
n.剧本,脚本;概要
参考例句:
  • But the birth scenario is not completely accurate.然而分娩脚本并非完全准确的。
  • This is a totally different scenario.这是完全不同的剧本。
20 sectors 218ffb34fa5fb6bc1691e90cd45ad627     
n.部门( sector的名词复数 );领域;防御地区;扇形
参考例句:
  • Berlin was divided into four sectors after the war. 战后柏林分成了4 个区。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Industry and agriculture are the two important sectors of the national economy. 工业和农业是国民经济的两个重要部门。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
21 margins 18cef75be8bf936fbf6be827537c8585     
边( margin的名词复数 ); 利润; 页边空白; 差数
参考例句:
  • They have always had to make do with relatively small profit margins. 他们不得不经常设法应付较少的利润额。
  • To create more space between the navigation items, add left and right margins to the links. 在每个项目间留更多的空隙,加左或者右的margins来定义链接。
22 portfolios e8f0c85d58b4bbb32ca8f22222a8ee54     
n.投资组合( portfolio的名词复数 );(保险)业务量;(公司或机构提供的)系列产品;纸夹
参考例句:
  • Price risk arises in non-trading portfolios, as well as in trading portfolios. 价格风险中出现的非贸易投资,以及在贸易投资组合。 来自互联网
  • How do we fatten our portfolios and stay financially healthy? 我们怎样育肥我们的投资结构和维持财政健康呢? 来自互联网
23 inefficiency N7Xxn     
n.无效率,无能;无效率事例
参考例句:
  • Conflict between management and workers makes for inefficiency in the workplace. 资方与工人之间的冲突使得工厂生产效率很低。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This type of inefficiency arises because workers and management are ill-equipped. 出现此种低效率是因为工人与管理层都能力不足。 来自《简明英汉词典》
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