河北加拿大版初中英语读物--Unit 8

Unit 8
[00:02.90]Save Your World!What Is Garbage?Garbage is everything that you throw away.
[00:13.06]What do we do with garbage?We bury or burn most garbage.
[00:19.54]Burying garbage is quick and easy but uses a lot of land.
[00:26.07]Most land near cities and towns is already used.
[00:31.71]There's no place to put garbage.Sometimes,buried garbage pollutes our water.
[00:40.25]When rain falls on garbage,
[00:44.33]it runs through the garbage and then into rivers,lakes and oceans.
[00:50.68]When we burn garbage,we pollute the air.
[00:55.43]What are the "three Rs"?In North America and other parts of the world,
[01:02.69]people have started to make less garbage.
[01:07.37]How?First,they buy fewer things.They try to buy only what they really need.
[01:16.02]When you buy fewer things,you throw away fewer things.
[01:21.79]Second,they reuse¹ things.They use things,and then they use them again!
[01:30.04]Third,they recycle things.They make old things into new things.
[01:37.10]In North America,people call these the "three Rs":reduce,reuse and recycle.
[01:45.35]The three Rs help us remember that garbage is a problem!
[01:51.91]Jenny:When you "bury" something, you put it under the ground.
[01:57.05]Brian:What does "burn" mean? "Burn" and "fire" go together.
[02:03.01]Danny:Garbage is a world dirty.
[02:09.67]But what can we do? word "use" in "reuse"?In English,"re" means² "again.
[02:22.13]"How do you "retell"a story?
[02:26.08]You tell it again!How do you "redraw" a picture?
[02:31.82]You draw it again!A Poster about Pollution
[02:40.57]Jenny:The school yard cleanup went well.
[02:44.62]The school yard looks beautiful now.
[02:48.99]Brian:Yes.There was so much rubbish before.
[02:53.45]Thinking about it makes me mad.Danny:It makes me a bit sad.
[03:00.40]People shouldn't litter.The world would be so much nicer.
[03:06.96]Jenny:That's not all A lot of thatgarbage could be recycled.
[03:13.12]We found metal,glass,plastic and lots of paper.
[03:19.39]I take out the garbage.
[03:27.75]Sometimes I find things in it that should be recycled.
[03:33.21]I always take them out and keep them.
[03:37.65]Jenny:Everyone should do that.
[03:41.31]Then there would be a lot less pollution in the world!
[03:46.77]Brian:I have an idea Let's make a poster about littering and recycling!
[03:53.43]Jenny:I'll get a big piece of paper and some markers.
[03:58.47]Danny:We can put the poster up in the classroom.
[04:03.33]Then everyone can read itStop Pollution!
[04:09.57]We have a nice,clean school yard.
[04:13.73]Let's keep it that way.Don't litter!
[04:18.46]Always put your garbage in a garbage can.Never throw it on the ground.
[04:25.09]Recycle!Stop and think before you throw something out:
[04:30.94]Can I use this again?
[04:34.49]Can this be recycled?Together,we can keep our world clean!
[04:41.34]What Are Hazardous³ Wastes?"Hazardous" means dangerous.
[04:48.52]Some hazardous wastes are poisons--they make people sick.
[04:55.05]Some explode very easily,or burn very easily.
[04:59.02]Hazardous things usually have these labels:"poison,"
[05:07.67]"caution," "warning"or"danger."What can we do about hazardous wastes?
[05:16.63]Buy less of them!Try not to buy bleach⁴.Try to use fewer batteries⁵.
[05:24.57]And when you take out the garbage,don't take out your hazardous wastes!
[05:31.94]Hazardous wastes in your garbage are bad for the environment.Why?
[05:38.18]Because we usually bury or burn our garbage.
[05:43.46]When we bury or burn hazardous wastes,
[05:48.00]they can make people and the environment sick.
[05:52.44]Many countries have laws about hazardous wastes.
[05:57.17]The laws say you can't bury or burn hazardous wastes with other garbage.
[06:03.65]Many cities in North America keep their hazardous wastes in special places.
[06:10.31]Some have ways to burn
[06:13.86]it at very high temperatures:900 to 1,100 degrees centigrade⁶.
[06:22.41]Some places put wastes two kilometres under the ground.
[06:28.18]That's deep!Danny:I don't understand!Why don't we call it "hazardous garbage"?
[06:37.32]Jenny:Because a"waste" can be a liquid or a solid⁷.
[06:42.68]"Garbage" is usually solid,like paper or plastic,
[06:48.42]but many hazardous wastes are liquids.
[06:53.78]FASCINATING FACTDo you think a river can burn?
[06:59.84]A city in the U.S.had a river that did!
[07:04.80]It had so much hazardous waste that it caught fire.
[07:10.37]It took days to put the fire out.Riding in Rubbish!
[07:19.43]Danny has been working all afternoon.
[07:23.98]First,he fixed⁹ the broken car he found.
[07:28.34]Then he washed the glue off his hands,face and legs.
[07:33.69]Now,he looks at the other garbage for recycling.
[07:39.15]"There are a lot of interesting things here,"he says.
[07:45.03]"I think I'll make something out of this garbage!
[07:50.60]"Danny sees a very big cardboard¹⁰ box."Somebody got a new television,"
[07:58.64]he says,"and they threw out this box.It's so big that I can fit inside it!
[08:07.89]I know I can make something with this."He looks for other things to use.
[08:15.05]He finds five big, round pieces of plastic.
[08:20.79]They are the lids¹¹ from ice cream pails¹².
[08:25.23]"I know,"says Danny,"I will make a car.
[08:30.09]This cardboard box will be the car's body.
[08:35.13]These ice cream lids will be the wheels.
[08:40.70]"Danny glues four wheels onto the cardboard box.
[08:46.05]"I have one more lid⁸.I know!It will be the steering¹³ wheel.
[08:53.42]I can hold onto it and drive the car.
[08:58.59]"Danny finds many other things for the car.
[09:03.35]He uses old metal cans for the headlights of the car.
[09:09.09]He finds pieces of wood to sit on.Finally,
[09:15.15]Danny rings up Jenny and Brian."Come over to my house," he says."
[09:22.73]I'll take you for a ride in my new car!Where do you want to go?
[09:30.59]"Global¹⁴ WarmingWhat is global warming?
[09:36.76]"Globe" means "world."You know what "warm" means.When something"warms,"
[09:43.52]what happens to its temperature?It goes up!
[09:48.56]Global warming is about the temperature of the world going up.
[09:54.73]What is carbon¹⁵ dioxide¹⁶?
[09:59.46]Global warming comes from a special kind of pollution:too much carbon dioxide.
[10:07.92]Carbon dioxide is a gas,like oxygen.
[10:13.56]About 0.03 percent of the Earth'satmosphere is carbon dioxide.
[10:21.22]But people are putting more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.Why?
[10:28.48]Because we drive cars and use factories.Cars and factories make carbon dioxide.
[10:37.31]Is this a problem?Yes!Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is a big problem.Usually,
[10:47.08]some of the sun's heat leaves the Earth.
[10:51.52]But carbon dioxide keeps the sun's heat hear the Earth.
[10:58.00]It traps¹⁷ the heat.What's wrong with a warmer Earth?Here's what might happen.
[11:06.46]The ice at the North and South Poles might melt¹⁸.
[11:11.92]The oceans would rise.They would cover cities on the coasts of continents.
[11:18.97]Some places on Earth would be too dry.Some places would have too much rain
[11:26.45]Many people,plants and animals would die.
[11:31.59]FASCINATING FACT
[11:34.65]The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmospherehas
[11:38.62]increased forty percent since the 1800s.
[11:45.38]When you "trap"someting,it can't go away.It stay.
 

1 reuse   

v.再使用；vt.重新使用

参考例句：

• There are some ways to reuse the wastes.有很多废品再利用的方法。
• The use and reuse of urban land.城市土地利用与再利用。

2 means   

n.方法，手段，折中点，物质财富

参考例句：

• That man used artful means to find out secrets.那人使用狡猾的手段获取机密。
• We must get it done by some means or other.我们总得想办法把它干完。

3 hazardous   

adj.(有)危险的，冒险的；碰运气的

参考例句：

• These conditions are very hazardous for shipping.这些情况对航海非常不利。
• Everybody said that it was a hazardous investment.大家都说那是一次危险的投资。

4 bleach   

vt.使漂白；vi.变白；n.漂白剂

参考例句：

• These products don't bleach the hair.这些产品不会使头发变白。
• Did you bleach this tablecloth?你把这块桌布漂白了吗？

5 batteries   

n.电池；（蓄）电池（组）( battery的名词复数 )；一系列；排炮；层架式鸡笼

参考例句：

• to replace the batteries 更换电池
• He is certain that this TV set will operate on batteries. 他肯定这个电视机可以用电池。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 centigrade   

adj.分为百度的，摄氏的

参考例句：

• The temperature in this room is twenty degrees centigrade.这个房间里的温度是摄氏20度。
• It's at 10 degrees centigrade.气温是10℃。

7 solid   

adj.固体的，结实的，可靠的，实心的；n.固体，实心；adv. 一致地

参考例句：

• Water may change from a liquid to a solid.水可以由液体变为固体。
• I know that James is a solid type of person.我知道詹姆斯是个可信赖的人。

8 lid   

n.盖子，眼睑；v.加盖，盖上；制止，取缔

参考例句：

• She shut the lid down.她扣上了盖儿。
• Put the lid on the garbage can.把盖子盖在垃圾筒上。

9 fixed   

adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的

参考例句：

• Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗？
• Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定，我们就不应该随意改变。

10 cardboard   

n.硬纸板，卡纸板

参考例句：

• She brought the shopping home in a cardboard box.她将买的东西放在纸箱里带回家。
• There is a sheet of stiff cardboard in the drawer.在那个抽屉里有块硬纸板。

11 lids   

lift improvement devices 轻重机改进装置

参考例句：

• She felt the tears burning against her closed lids. 她感到灼热的泪水在紧闭的眼中涌动。
• I fear they have flipped their lids. 我怕他们是发疯了。

12 pails   

n.桶，提桶( pail的名词复数 )；一桶的量

参考例句：

• Families upstairs have to carry pails to the hydrant downstairs for water. 住在楼上的人家得提着水桶去楼下的水龙头打水。 来自互联网
• We brought some spades, pails and saplings with us. 同学们拿着铁锨、水桶和小树苗上路了。 来自互联网

13 steering   

n.操舵装置

参考例句：

• He beat his hands on the steering wheel in frustration. 他沮丧地用手打了几下方向盘。
• Steering according to the wind, he also framed his words more amicably. 他真会看风使舵，口吻也马上变得温和了。

14 global   

adj.全球的；球形的；世界的

参考例句：

• A global environmental meeting is going to be held here.一个全球环境会议将在这里举行。
• The report takes a global view of the company's problems.这份报告对公司的问题作了综合性的论述。

15 carbon   

n.碳元素

参考例句：

• Diamonds are pure carbon.钻石是纯净的碳。
• Carbon is an element,while carbon dioxide is a compound.碳是一种(化学)元素，而二氧化碳则是一种化合物。

16 dioxide   

n.二氧化物

参考例句：

• The oxygen and the carbon combine to form carbon dioxide.氧和碳化合，形成二氧化碳。
• Carbon dioxide is the largest contributor to the greenhouse effect.二氧化碳太多是道致温室效应的最主要原因。

17 traps   

n.随身携带物，随身行李；圈套( trap的名词复数 )；（对付人的）计谋；（练习射击用的）抛靶器；（捕捉动物的）夹子v.诱骗( trap的第三人称单数 )；使受限制；困住；使（水与气体等）分离

参考例句：

• The stock market is full of traps for the unwary. 对无风险意识的人而言，股票市场充满了陷阱。
• No. Not in regular government pay and employment, to lay traps? 没有这种想法。不是受雇于政府、接受正规津贴、陷害他人么？ 来自英汉文学 - 双城记

18 melt   

v.（使）融化，（使）熔化，使软化，使感动

参考例句：

• If you warm ice,it will melt into water.如果你给冰加热它会融化成水。
• It is easy to melt ice.融化冰很容易。