2018年经济学人 一周要闻 中美贸易战升级 小米IPO首日破发次日股价暴涨13%

 

The world this week Business

一周要闻 商业

The Trump¹ administration intensified² its trade war with China, threatening to impose tariffs³ on a further $200bn-worth of goods, including tuna, chemicals and handbags. This came a few days after America fired its first salvo, levying⁴ duties on $34bn-worth of Chinese industrial exports, to which China retaliated⁵ with tariffs on an equivalent value of American goods. America’s latest round of duties will not come into force until after a consultation⁶ process. Some who support targeting China’s trade practices question the broad imposition of tariffs, fearing it will drive up American consumer prices.

特朗普政府加强了与中国的贸易战争，威胁要对价值2000亿美元的中国商品加征关税，包括金枪鱼、化学品和手袋。几天前，美国打响了贸易战第一枪，宣布对价值340亿美元的中国工业出口产品征收关税，随后中国以同等规模对美国商品征收关税作为回应。美国最新一轮的关税措施经过磋商后才会生效。一些支持针对中国贸易行为的人对广泛征收关税的做法提出质疑，担心这会推高美国国内的消费价格。

One way to get around tariffs

规避关税的途径

Following China’s decision to loosen restrictions⁷ on foreign carmakers, Tesla signed a memorandum⁸ of understanding with the authorities in Shanghai to build a factory there. Once the project obtains the necessary permits, Tesla thinks it will take two years to build the plant, its first outside America, which will eventually make half a million cars a year. Tesla has had to raise the price of its electric cars in China to offset⁹ the cost of the government’s retaliatory¹⁰ tariffs on American vehicles.

在中国决定放宽对外国汽车制造商的限制后，特斯拉与上海市政府签署了合作备忘录，打算在上海建厂。特斯拉方面表示，一旦该项目获得必要的许可，这座工厂可在两年内落成，这是特斯拉在境外的第一家工厂，每年将生产50万辆汽车。为了平衡中国政府对美国汽车征收的报复性关税成本，特斯拉不得不提高在华电动汽车的价格。

Xiaomi’s IPO was a damp squib. The share price of the Chinese smartphone-maker closed just below the offer price of HK$17 ($2.17) on the first day of trading in Hong Kong. But it climbed by 13% on the second day after news that the company is to be included in the Hang Seng stockmarket index. That will allow mainland Chinese investors¹¹ to buy shares in Xiaomi through a scheme that connects the Hong Kong and Shanghai exchanges.

小米的IPO是一个失败的例子。这家中国智能手机制造商在香港上市首日的收盘价低于每股17港元(合2.17美元)的发行价。但在小米被纳入香港恒生股票指数的消息传出后的次日，其股票暴涨了13%。这也意味着内地投资人有望通过香港股市和上海股市的联通机制进行小米股票的交易。

In a surprise move, Broadcom agreed to buy CA Technologies for $18.9bn. Broadcom is one of the world’s biggest chipmakers. Its acquisition of CA Technologies takes it into a new market, for infrastructure¹² software. Earlier this year Broadcom’s hostile bid for Qualcomm, another chipmaker, was blocked by the White House. It has since completed the relocation of its domiciled headquarters from Singapore to San Jose, which should spare this deal from such close scrutiny¹³.

博通公司（Broadcom）出人意料地同意，以189亿美元收购CA Technologies公司。博通公司是全球最大的芯片制造商之一。这次收购CA技术公司使其进军基础设施软件的新市场。年初，博通公司恶意收购另一家芯片制造商高通(Qualcomm)时遭到了白宫方面的阻挠。此后，该公司将总部从新加坡搬迁至圣何塞(San Jose)，此举使这笔收购案免受过于严密的审查。

Samsung said it expects to make an operating profit of 14.8trn won ($13.2bn) in the second quarter. It had chalked up four consecutive¹⁴ quarters of record profits, something the electronics giant may find hard to repeat given waning¹⁵ sales of its flagship Galaxy¹⁶ S9 smartphone and falling prices for its flash memory chips.

三星称，第二季度营业利润预计将达到14.8万亿韩元(合132亿美元)。三星已连续四个季度实现创纪录利润，鉴于其旗舰智能手机Galaxy S9销量不断下滑以及闪存芯片价格不断下跌，这家电子巨头可能很难再现这一光辉业绩。

1 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

2 intensified   

v.（使）增强， （使）加剧( intensify的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Violence intensified during the night. 在夜间暴力活动加剧了。
• The drought has intensified. 旱情加剧了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 tariffs   

关税制度； 关税( tariff的名词复数 )； 关税表； （旅馆或饭店等的）收费表； 量刑标准

参考例句：

• British industry was sheltered from foreign competition by protective tariffs. 保护性关税使英国工业免受国际竞争影响。
• The new tariffs have put a stranglehold on trade. 新的关税制对开展贸易极为不利。

4 levying   

征（兵）( levy的现在分词 )； 索取； 发动（战争）； 征税

参考例句：

• The high tax will be given levying to the foreign country car. 对外国汽车要予以征收高税。
• Levying estate income tax are considered to be goods tax. 遗产税是在财产所有者死亡后所征收的税。

5 retaliated   

v.报复，反击( retaliate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• When he once teased her for her inexperience, she retaliated. 有一次，他讥讽她没有经验，她便反唇相讥。 来自辞典例句
• The terrorists retaliated by killing three policemen. 恐怖分子以杀死三名警察相报复。 来自辞典例句

6 consultation   

n.咨询；商量；商议；会议

参考例句：

• The company has promised wide consultation on its expansion plans.该公司允诺就其扩展计划广泛征求意见。
• The scheme was developed in close consultation with the local community.该计划是在同当地社区密切磋商中逐渐形成的。

7 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

8 memorandum   

n.备忘录，便笺

参考例句：

• The memorandum was dated 23 August,2008.备忘录上注明的日期是2008年8月23日。
• The Secretary notes down the date of the meeting in her memorandum book.秘书把会议日期都写在记事本上。

9 offset   

n.分支，补偿；v.抵消，补偿

参考例句：

• Their wage increases would be offset by higher prices.他们增加的工资会被物价上涨所抵消。
• He put up his prices to offset the increased cost of materials.他提高了售价以补偿材料成本的增加。

10 retaliatory   

adj.报复的

参考例句：

• The process can take years before the WTO approves retaliatory action. 在WTO通过此行动之前，这个程序恐怕要等上一阵子了。 来自互联网
• Retaliatory tariffs on China are tantamount to taxing ourselves as a punishment. 将惩罚性关税强加于中国相当于对我们自己实施课税惩罚。 来自互联网

11 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

12 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

13 scrutiny   

n.详细检查，仔细观察

参考例句：

• His work looks all right,but it will not bear scrutiny.他的工作似乎很好，但是经不起仔细检查。
• Few wives in their forties can weather such a scrutiny.很少年过四十的妻子经得起这么仔细的观察。

14 consecutive   

adj.连续的，联贯的，始终一贯的

参考例句：

• It has rained for four consecutive days.已连续下了四天雨。
• The policy of our Party is consecutive.我党的政策始终如一。

15 waning   

adj.（月亮）渐亏的，逐渐减弱或变小的n.月亏v.衰落( wane的现在分词 )；（月）亏；变小；变暗淡

参考例句：

• Her enthusiasm for the whole idea was waning rapidly. 她对整个想法的热情迅速冷淡了下来。
• The day is waning and the road is ending. 日暮途穷。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

16 galaxy   

n.星系；银河系；一群(杰出或著名的人物)

参考例句：

• The earth is one of the planets in the Galaxy.地球是银河系中的星球之一。
• The company has a galaxy of talent.该公司拥有一批优秀的人才。