2019年经济学人 中国经济:关税后的生活(2)

 

Vietnamese customs officials have stepped up checks of everything from seafood¹ to aluminium² to ensure that they are not relabelled Chinese goods.

越南海关官员已经加强了对从海产品到铝等各种商品的检查，以确保它们不是被重新贴上标签的中国商品。

Julian Evans-Pritchard of Capital Economics, a research firm, estimates that American tariffs³ have cut Chinese GDP growth by about 0.6 percentage points,

研究公司Julian Evans-Pritchard of Capital Economics预计美国的关税削减了中国约0.6个百分点的GDP增长，

but that trans-shipments through South-East Asia may have lifted it back up by 0.3 percentage points.

但通过东南亚的转口运输可能将其提高了0.3个百分点。

There is also a third, more positive explanation: Chinese companies are highly competitive.

还有第三个更加积极的原因：中国公司具备很强的竞争力。

Once an assembly centre, China now makes more of the inputs⁴ that go into final goods.

中国曾经是一个组装中心，但现在它更多的投入到了终端产品上。

Its efforts in high-tech⁵ sectors⁶ such as semiconductors⁷ are well-known. But it is making lower-tech progress more broadly.

中国在半导体等高科技领域的努力众所周知。但它正在更大范围内取得低技术的进步。

The Chinese light-industry council, representing toymakers, food firms and the like,

代表玩具制造业、食品公司等的中国轻工业联合会

estimates that its 100 most technologically⁸ advanced members invest 2.5% of revenues in research and development,

估计其100个技术最先进的成员将2.5%的收入用于研发，

high by international standards; it is pressing them to hit 3%. The road ahead will not be easy for Chinese exporters.

这一比例高于国际标准；联合会要求他们达到3%。对中国出口商来说，前方的道路并不平坦。

The longer American tariffs last, the more likely American buyers are to find alternatives. The fall in Chinese sales to America has accelerated recently.

美国关税持续的时间越长，美国买家找到替代方案的可能性就越大。最近，中国对美出口的下滑速度有所加快。

On December 4th Chinese exporters of machinery⁹ and electronics met for their annual conference.

12月4日，中国机械和电子出口商召开了年度会议。

The theme was "flourishing together along One Belt, One Road",

会议主题是“一带一路，共同繁荣”，

in line with the government's policy of promoting economic ties with Asia, Africa and Europe.

这符合中国政府促进与亚洲、非洲和欧洲经济联系的政策。

In previous years that might have been politically astute¹⁰ positioning. Now it looks like a survival strategy.

在前几年，这可能是一种精明的政治定位。现在看起来像是一种生存策略。

1 seafood   

n.海产食品，海味，海鲜

参考例句：

• There's an excellent seafood restaurant near here.离这儿不远有家非常不错的海鲜馆。
• Shrimps are a popular type of seafood.小虾是比较普遍的一种海味。

2 aluminium   

n.铝 (=aluminum)

参考例句：

• Aluminium looks heavy but actually it is very light.铝看起来很重，实际上却很轻。
• If necessary, we can use aluminium instead of steel.如果必要，我们可用铝代钢。

3 tariffs   

关税制度； 关税( tariff的名词复数 )； 关税表； （旅馆或饭店等的）收费表； 量刑标准

参考例句：

• British industry was sheltered from foreign competition by protective tariffs. 保护性关税使英国工业免受国际竞争影响。
• The new tariffs have put a stranglehold on trade. 新的关税制对开展贸易极为不利。

4 inputs   

n.输入( input的名词复数 )；投入；输入端；输入的数据v.把…输入电脑( input的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Uncheck the inputs checked for optimization in the previous stage. 不测试那些已经测试过的优化了的以前步骤的inputs.（变量参数）。 来自互联网
• Just in case, save in a file the inputs obtained at the previous stage. 以防万一，保存以前步骤获得的inputs（变量参数值）到一个文件中去。 来自互联网

5 high-tech   

adj.高科技的

参考例句：

• The economy is in the upswing which makes high-tech services in more demand too.经济在蓬勃发展，这就使对高科技服务的需求量也在加大。
• The quest of a cure for disease with high-tech has never ceased. 人们希望运用高科技治疗疾病的追求从未停止过。

6 sectors   

n.部门( sector的名词复数 )；领域；防御地区；扇形

参考例句：

• Berlin was divided into four sectors after the war. 战后柏林分成了4 个区。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Industry and agriculture are the two important sectors of the national economy. 工业和农业是国民经济的两个重要部门。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

7 semiconductors   

n.半导体( semiconductor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Crystals may be insulators, semiconductors, or conductors. 晶体可以是绝缘体，半导体，或导体。 来自辞典例句
• Semiconductors containing such impurities are called p-type semiconductors. 含有这类杂质的半导体叫做P型半导体。 来自辞典例句

8 technologically   

ad.技术上地

参考例句：

• Shanghai is a technologically advanced city. 上海是中国的一个技术先进的城市。
• Many senior managers are technologically illiterate. 许多高级经理都对技术知之甚少。

9 machinery   

n.(总称)机械，机器；机构

参考例句：

• Has the machinery been put up ready for the broadcast?广播器材安装完毕了吗？
• Machinery ought to be well maintained all the time.机器应该随时注意维护。

10 astute   

adj.机敏的，精明的

参考例句：

• A good leader must be an astute judge of ability.一个优秀的领导人必须善于识别人的能力。
• The criminal was very astute and well matched the detective in intelligence.这个罪犯非常狡猾，足以对付侦探的机智。