2020年经济学人 一周要闻 俄罗斯修改宪法 拜登初选所向披靡 墨西哥百万女性抗议

The world this week

本周要闻

Politics

政治

Vladimir Putin, Russia's president, said that he would be prepared to continue in office past 2024, when his fourth and supposedly final presidential term expires. The Russian parliament voted this week to amend¹ the constitution to reset² to zero the number of consecutive³ terms that he has already served.

俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京表示，2024年，当他的第四届也可能是最后一届总统任期结束时，他准备继续任职。俄罗斯议会本周投票修改宪法，将普京已连任的总统任期重新设为零。

The trial began in the Netherlands of four men—three Russians and a Ukrainian— who are charged with involvement in the shooting down of Malaysian Airlines flight MH17 over eastern Ukraine in 2014. The four were not in court, having refused to turn themselves in, but the court decided⁴ that the trial can go ahead without them.

针对四名男子的审判在荷兰开始，其中三名是俄罗斯人，一名是乌克兰人，他们被控参与2014年在乌克兰东部击落马航MH17航班的事件。这四人拒绝自首，没有出庭，但法庭表示可以在他们不在场的情况下继续审判。

Rishi Sunak, Britain's new chancellor⁵ of the exchequer⁶, had been expected to increase borrowing. But the scale of fiscal⁷ loosening in the government's budget was still surprising. A package of measures tallied⁸ up to a 30bn-pounds ($38bn) splurge, almost half of it for the emergency response to covid-19. The National Health Service will benefit the most, but a reserve fund for businesses and workers will also help with the economic hit the virus will cause.

英国新任财政大臣里希·苏纳克原本预计会增加借贷。但政府预算中财政宽松的规模仍然令人吃惊。一揽子措施总计达300亿英镑(380亿美元)，其中近一半用于对新冠病毒疫情的紧急响应。国家医疗服务体系将是最大的受益者，但为企业和工人设立的储备基金也将有助于应对病毒造成的经济打击。

Joe Biden won the Michigan primary and several other states in the latest Democratic contests. Bernie Sanders could not repeat the surprise win he chalked up in Michigan four years ago. Kamala Harris and Cory Booker, two former candidates, endorsed⁹ Mr Biden, who looks like he has the nomination¹⁰ all but sewn up.

拜登在最近的民主党初选中赢得了密西根州和其他几个州的初选。伯尼·桑德斯无法再现四年前他在密歇根州取得的意外胜利。两位前候选人卡玛拉·哈里斯和科里·布克都支持拜登，拜登似乎已稳获提名。

Harvey Weinstein was sentenced to 23 years in prison for his recent convictions for rape¹¹ and sexual assault. The movie mogul has been cleared of charges that carry even lengthier¹² prison terms.

哈维·韦恩斯坦最近因强奸和性侵犯罪行被判入狱23年。而将使这位电影大亨获得更长期监禁的指控被撤销了。

Donald Trump¹³ ditched Mick Mulvaney as his chief of staff, and named Mark Meadows, a loyal congressman¹⁴, as his replacement¹⁵. Mr Mulvaney was the president's third chief of staff, but fell foul¹⁶ of his boss some time ago, especially when he went off script about Mr Trump withholding¹⁷ aid from Ukraine in return for political favours.

唐纳德·特朗普解除了米克·马尔瓦尼的幕僚长职务，任命忠诚的国会议员马克·梅多斯接替他。马尔瓦尼先生是总统的第三任幕僚长，但不久前与他的首领发生了冲突，尤其是当特朗普为了获得政治上的好处而拒绝向乌克兰提供援助的时候。

Millions of Mexican women stayed home from work and school to protest against murders of women. The strike was spurred by recent brutal¹⁸ killings¹⁹. The country classified 980 murders last year as "femicides", that is, committed because of the victim's sex, up from 411 in 2015.

数百万墨西哥妇女呆在家里，不去上班，不去上学，以抗议对妇女的谋杀。这次罢工是由最近的残酷杀戮所引起的。去年，墨西哥将980起谋杀归为“杀女人罪”，即受害者的性别为女性的谋杀，这个数字高于2015年的411起。

Jair Bolsonaro, Brazil's president, dined with Donald Trump at his Florida estate, Mar-a-Lago. Brazil and America signed an agreement on defence technology that could lead to more American purchases of Brazilian weaponry.

巴西总统贾尔·博尔索纳罗与唐纳德·特朗普在他位于佛罗里达州的马阿拉歌庄园共进晚餐。巴西和美国签署了一项国防技术协议，这可能导致美国购买更多巴西武器。

Guyana's chief justice blocked the Elections Commission from declaring the result of a general election in the country's biggest electoral district after foreign observers said vote counting had "lacked credibility and transparency". Initial results gave victory to the government.

圭亚那首席大法官阻止选举委员会宣布该国最大选区的大选结果。此前，外国观察人士表示，该计票“缺乏可信度和透明度”。初步结果显示政府获得胜利。

1 amend   

vt.修改，修订，改进；n.[pl.]赔罪，赔偿

参考例句：

• The teacher advised him to amend his way of living.老师劝他改变生活方式。
• You must amend your pronunciation.你必须改正你的发音。

2 reset   

v.重新安排，复位；n.重新放置；重放之物

参考例句：

• As soon as you arrive at your destination,step out of the aircraft and reset your wristwatch.你一到达目的地，就走出飞机并重新设置手表时间。
• He is recovering from an operation to reset his arm.他做了一个手臂复位手术，正在恢复。

3 consecutive   

adj.连续的，联贯的，始终一贯的

参考例句：

• It has rained for four consecutive days.已连续下了四天雨。
• The policy of our Party is consecutive.我党的政策始终如一。

4 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

5 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

6 exchequer   

n.财政部；国库

参考例句：

• In Britain the Chancellor of the Exchequer deals with taxes and government spending.英国的财政大臣负责税务和政府的开支。
• This resulted in a considerable loss to the exchequer.这使国库遭受了重大损失。

7 fiscal   

adj.财政的，会计的，国库的，国库岁入的

参考例句：

• The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。
• The government has two basic strategies of fiscal policy available.政府有两个可行的财政政策基本战略。

8 tallied   

v.计算，清点( tally的过去式和过去分词 )；加标签（或标记）于；（使）符合；（使）吻合

参考例句：

• The girl tallied them with her eyes for a moment. 新娘用目光把这些化妆品清点了一下。 来自教父部分
• His account of the accident tallied with hers. 他对事故的陈述和她的相吻合。 来自辞典例句

9 endorsed   

vt.& vi.endorse的过去式或过去分词形式v.赞同( endorse的过去式和过去分词 )；在（尤指支票的）背面签字；在（文件的）背面写评论；在广告上说本人使用并赞同某产品

参考例句：

• The committee endorsed an initiative by the chairman to enter discussion about a possible merger. 委员会通过了主席提出的新方案，开始就可能进行的并购进行讨论。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The government has broadly endorsed a research paper proposing new educational targets for 14-year-olds. 政府基本上支持建议对14 岁少年实行新教育目标的研究报告。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 nomination   

n.提名，任命，提名权

参考例句：

• John is favourite to get the nomination for club president.约翰最有希望被提名为俱乐部主席。
• Few people pronounced for his nomination.很少人表示赞成他的提名。

11 rape   

n.抢夺，掠夺，强奸；vt.掠夺，抢夺，强奸

参考例句：

• The rape of the countryside had a profound ravage on them.对乡村的掠夺给他们造成严重创伤。
• He was brought to court and charged with rape.他被带到法庭并被指控犯有强奸罪。

12 lengthier   

adj.长的，漫长的，啰嗦的( lengthy的比较级 )

参考例句：

13 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

14 Congressman   

n.（美）国会议员

参考例句：

• He related several anecdotes about his first years as a congressman.他讲述自己初任议员那几年的几则轶事。
• The congressman is meditating a reply to his critics.这位国会议员正在考虑给他的批评者一个答复。

15 replacement   

n.取代，替换，交换；替代品，代用品

参考例句：

• We are hard put to find a replacement for our assistant.我们很难找到一个人来代替我们的助手。
• They put all the students through the replacement examination.他们让所有的学生参加分班考试。

16 foul   

adj.污秽的；邪恶的；v.弄脏；妨害；犯规；n.犯规

参考例句：

• Take off those foul clothes and let me wash them.脱下那些脏衣服让我洗一洗。
• What a foul day it is!多么恶劣的天气！

17 withholding   

扣缴税款

参考例句：

• She was accused of withholding information from the police. 她被指控对警方知情不报。
• The judge suspected the witness was withholding information. 法官怀疑见证人在隐瞒情况。

18 brutal   

adj.残忍的，野蛮的，不讲理的

参考例句：

• She has to face the brutal reality.她不得不去面对冷酷的现实。
• They're brutal people behind their civilised veneer.他们表面上温文有礼，骨子里却是野蛮残忍。

19 killings   

谋杀( killing的名词复数 )； 突然发大财，暴发

参考例句：

• His statement was seen as an allusion to the recent drug-related killings. 他的声明被视为暗指最近与毒品有关的多起凶杀案。
• The government issued a statement condemning the killings. 政府发表声明谴责这些凶杀事件。