2020年经济学人 困境中的土耳其--困难重重(1)

Policymakers in emerging markets frequently complain that foreign capital is fickle¹.

新兴市场的决策人经常抱怨外国资本变化无常。

But foreign capital could be forgiven for having a similar gripe about emerging markets.

但外国资本对新兴市场有着同样的抱怨是可以被原谅的。

On a conference call on May 6th Turkey's finance minister, Berat Albayrak, was solicitous² and reassuring³,

在5月6日召开的一次会议中，土耳其财政部长贝拉特·阿尔巴伊拉克表现出了关心和安慰，

telling nervous overseas investors⁴ that the country's dollar reserves were adequate and its commitment to market principles was firm.

他告诉紧张不安的海外投资者，土耳其的美元储蓄充足，且该国对市场原则的承诺是坚定的。

But the next day the banking⁵ regulator turned cold, reprimanding three foreign banks, BNP Paribas, UBS and even Citigroup,

但第二天，银行监管机构态度转冷，斥责了三家外国银行——法国巴黎银行、瑞士联合银行，

which helped host the call, for failing to meet their lira obligations on time. As punishment, it barred them from the country's currency market.

甚至是协助主持该会议的花旗银行，因为它们未能按时偿还里拉债务。作为惩罚，该机构禁止三家银行进入该国货币市场。

Four days later, the mood changed and the ban was lifted.

四天后，态度再次转变，且禁令被取消了。

These shifts in official demeanour, from hospitality to hostility⁶ to something in between, all reflect a consistent concern about the currency.

官方态度的这些转变——从友好到敌意，再到介于两者之间——都反映出对货币的持续担忧。

The lira has lost about 15% of its value against the dollar so far this year, the most among big, commodity-importing emerging markets.

今年到目前为止，里拉兑美元汇率已下跌约15%，在大宗商品进口的大型新兴市场中跌幅最大。

In trading on May 7th it briefly⁷ weakened to 7.27 against the dollar, beyond the point it reached in August 2018,

在5月7日的交易中，里拉兑美元汇率一度跌至7.27，超过了2018年8月的水平，

after America imposed sanctions on Turkish officials in retaliation⁸ for the detention⁹ of an American pastor¹⁰.

此前，美国对土耳其官员实施制裁，以报复其拘留了一名美国牧师。

To stop the lira's slide, regulators have tightened¹¹ limits on the amount of lira local banks can provide to foreign financial institutions,

为了阻止里拉贬值，监管者加紧限制了本地银行可以提供给外国金融机构的里拉贷款上限，

making it harder for foreigners to bet against the currency.

加大了外国人做空里拉的难度。

And they have imposed new restrictions¹² on the spread of "misleading or wrong information" in financial markets.

并且他们还对在金融市场传播“误导性或虚假消息”施加了新的限制。

"They want to discourage people from talking about these issues," says Mustafa Sonmez, an economist¹³. People are "not to criticise¹⁴".

“他们想要阻止人们谈论这些问题，”经济学家Mustafa Sonmez说到。人们“不应该批评”。

He ought to know. He and dozens of others, including two Bloomberg journalists,

他应该知道。去年，他和包括两名彭博社记者在内的几十个人

were indicted¹⁵ last year on charges of seeking to "destabilise the economy" during the 2018 crisis.

被指控在2018年危机期间试图“破坏经济稳定”。

The authorities have intervened in more conventional ways as well. GlobalSource Partners, a consultancy,

官方也以更加传统的方式介入。咨询公司GlobalSource Partners预计

estimates that the central bank, often acting¹⁶ through the state banks, has burned through roughly $35bn in foreign reserves this year trying to prop¹⁷ up the lira.

经常通过国有银行采取行动的中央银行，今年已消耗了约350亿美元外汇储备，试图支撑里拉。

How much more it can spend is a matter of controversy¹⁸.

还能消耗多少钱是一个有争议的问题。

1 fickle   

adj.(爱情或友谊上)易变的，不坚定的

参考例句：

• Fluctuating prices usually base on a fickle public's demand.物价的波动往往是由于群众需求的不稳定而引起的。
• The weather is so fickle in summer.夏日的天气如此多变。

2 solicitous   

adj.热切的，挂念的

参考例句：

• He was so solicitous of his guests.他对他的客人们非常关切。
• I am solicitous of his help.我渴得到他的帮助。

3 reassuring   

a.使人消除恐惧和疑虑的，使人放心的

参考例句：

• He gave her a reassuring pat on the shoulder. 他轻拍了一下她的肩膀让她放心。
• With a reassuring pat on her arm, he left. 他鼓励地拍了拍她的手臂就离开了。

4 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

5 banking   

n.银行业，银行学，金融业

参考例句：

• John is launching his son on a career in banking.约翰打算让儿子在银行界谋一个新职位。
• He possesses an extensive knowledge of banking.他具有广博的银行业务知识。

6 hostility   

n.敌对，敌意；抵制［pl.］交战，战争

参考例句：

• There is open hostility between the two leaders.两位领导人表现出公开的敌意。
• His hostility to your plan is well known.他对你的计划所持的敌意是众所周知的。

7 briefly   

adv.简单地，简短地

参考例句：

• I want to touch briefly on another aspect of the problem.我想简单地谈一下这个问题的另一方面。
• He was kidnapped and briefly detained by a terrorist group.他被一个恐怖组织绑架并短暂拘禁。

8 retaliation   

n.报复，反击

参考例句：

• retaliation against UN workers 对联合国工作人员的报复
• He never said a single word in retaliation. 他从未说过一句反击的话。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 detention   

n.滞留，停留；拘留，扣留；(教育)留下

参考例句：

• He was kept in detention by the police.他被警察扣留了。
• He was in detention in connection with the bribery affair.他因与贿赂事件有牵连而被拘留了。

10 pastor   

n.牧师，牧人

参考例句：

• He was the son of a poor pastor.他是一个穷牧师的儿子。
• We have no pastor at present:the church is run by five deacons.我们目前没有牧师：教会的事是由五位执事管理的。

11 tightened   

收紧( tighten的过去式和过去分词 )； （使）变紧； （使）绷紧； 加紧

参考例句：

• The rope holding the boat suddenly tightened and broke. 系船的绳子突然绷断了。
• His index finger tightened on the trigger but then relaxed again. 他的食指扣住扳机，然后又松开了。

12 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

13 economist   

n.经济学家，经济专家，节俭的人

参考例句：

• He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
• He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家，自以为什么都懂。

14 criticise   

v.批评，评论；非难

参考例句：

• Right and left have much cause to criticise government.左翼和右翼有很多理由批评政府。
• It is not your place to criticise or suggest improvements!提出批评或给予改进建议并不是你的责任！

15 indicted   

控告，起诉( indict的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The senator was indicted for murder. 那位参议员被控犯谋杀罪。
• He was indicted by a grand jury on two counts of murder. 他被大陪审团以两项谋杀罪名起诉。

16 acting   

n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的

参考例句：

• Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
• During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

17 prop   

vt.支撑；n.支柱，支撑物；支持者，靠山

参考例句：

• A worker put a prop against the wall of the tunnel to keep it from falling.一名工人用东西支撑住隧道壁好使它不会倒塌。
• The government does not intend to prop up declining industries.政府无意扶持不景气的企业。

18 controversy   

n.争论，辩论，争吵

参考例句：

• That is a fact beyond controversy.那是一个无可争论的事实。
• We ran the risk of becoming the butt of every controversy.我们要冒使自己在所有的纷争中都成为众矢之的的风险。