2020年经济学人 《间谍集团》书评--希特勒元首的间谍在曼哈顿(1)

Books & arts

文艺板块

Book review

书评

Espionage¹

间谍

The Fuhrer’s man in Manhattan

希特勒元首的间谍在曼哈顿

Ring of Spies.

《间谍集团》

By Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones.

作者：罗德里·杰弗里斯—琼斯

As Germany pursued its territorial² expansion in 1938, many Americans wanted nothing more than to be left alone.President Franklin Roosevelt had signed three neutrality acts forbidding involvement in Europe’s troubles. Of the fears that kept his compatriots awake, Hitler was eclipsed by mobsters, dust bowls and unemployment. This was to change, explains Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones in his new book, when the FBI’s unveiling of a Nazi³ spy ring poisoned relations with Germany and forced America to confront a hostile world.

1938年，德国进行领土扩张，而许多美国人只想着独善其身。富兰克林·罗斯福总统签署了三项中立法案，禁止卷入欧洲的麻烦。希特勒使德国被暴徒、尘暴和失业蚕食，这让他的同胞们陷入恐惧，无法安眠。这是要改变的，罗德里·杰弗里斯—琼斯在他的新书中解释道，当时联邦调查局揭发了纳粹间谍集团，这一举措败坏了美国与德国的关系，并迫使美国对抗一个充满敌意的世界。

A historian at Edinburgh University, Mr Jeffreys-Jones draws the reader in with thrilling, but initially⁴ disparate, tales of German espionage. The sense of Nazi audacity⁵ steadily⁶ rises. A widow with a penpal in Hamburg suddenly develops a penchant⁷ for photographing naval⁸ bases. A group of agents smuggle⁹ out secret documents as stamp-size pictures hidden in pocket-watches. Another cell plots to snatch mobilisation plans by subduing¹⁰ a colonel with a sedative-loaded fountain pen. Blueprints¹¹ for American fighterplanes are stolen.

杰弗里斯—琼斯是爱丁堡大学的历史学家，他以激动人心、开头就与众不同的德国间谍故事来吸引读者。纳粹间谍集团的胆量稳步上升。一位在汉堡有笔友的寡妇突然对拍摄海军基地产生了兴趣。一群特工把秘密文件充作邮票大小的照片藏在怀表里偷运出来。他们还暗中谋划用装有镇静剂的钢笔制服一名上校，抢夺动员计划。美国战斗机的设计图也被偷了。

These pieces are gradually put together by Leon Turrou, the story’s fascinating central figure. A Jewish immigrant from Belarus, Turrou was an FBI agent who spent the 1930s fighting fascist¹² and communist saboteurs with equal fervour. In 1938 he made the connections between the German spies, and tracked down a prime suspect.Ignatz Griebl ran a quiet medical practice in Manhattan, but his candid¹³ confession¹⁴ confirmed Turrou’s darkest fears (and unites the book’s scattered¹⁵ incidents):

这些间谍故事片段是由莱昂·图鲁逐渐拼凑起来的，他是这个故事中迷人的核心人物。图鲁是一名来自白俄罗斯的犹太移民，是一名联邦调查局探员，他在20世纪30年代以同样的热情与法西斯和共产主义破坏分子作斗争。1938年，他建立起了德国间谍之间的联系，并追查到了一位头号嫌犯。伊格纳茨·格里贝尔在曼哈顿经营着一家安静的医疗机构，但他的坦率供述证实了图鲁最黑暗的恐惧（并将书中零散的事件联系起来）：

Turrou: When did spy activities in this country start?

图鲁：在国家的间谍活动什么时候开始的？

Griebl: In 1933, soon after Hitler came to power.

格里贝尔：1933年，希特勒上台不久。

The reader, like Turrou in the dimly lit interrogation room, is suddenly daunted¹⁶ by the scale of the Nazi scheme.German diplomats¹⁷ cut Griebl loose, which helped turn him into an FBI informant. From that point on, the spy ring unravelled¹⁸.

读者就像在昏暗的审讯室里的图鲁一样，突然被纳粹计划的规模吓坏了。德国外交官把格里贝尔放走了，这帮助他成为联邦调查局的线人。从那一刻起，这个间谍集团就被瓦解了。

1 espionage   

n.间谍行为，谍报活动

参考例句：

• The authorities have arrested several people suspected of espionage.官方已经逮捕了几个涉嫌从事间谍活动的人。
• Neither was there any hint of espionage in Hanley's early life.汉利的早期生活也毫无进行间谍活动的迹象。

2 territorial   

adj.领土的，领地的

参考例句：

• The country is fighting to preserve its territorial integrity.该国在为保持领土的完整而进行斗争。
• They were not allowed to fish in our territorial waters.不允许他们在我国领海捕鱼。

3 Nazi   

n.纳粹分子，adj.纳粹党的，纳粹的

参考例句：

• They declare the Nazi regime overthrown and sue for peace.他们宣布纳粹政权已被推翻，并出面求和。
• Nazi closes those war criminals inside their concentration camp.纳粹把那些战犯关在他们的集中营里。

4 initially   

adv.最初，开始

参考例句：

• The ban was initially opposed by the US.这一禁令首先遭到美国的反对。
• Feathers initially developed from insect scales.羽毛最初由昆虫的翅瓣演化而来。

5 audacity   

n.大胆，卤莽，无礼

参考例句：

• He had the audacity to ask for an increase in salary.他竟然厚着脸皮要求增加薪水。
• He had the audacity to pick pockets in broad daylight.他竟敢在光天化日之下掏包。

6 steadily   

adv.稳定地；不变地；持续地

参考例句：

• The scope of man's use of natural resources will steadily grow.人类利用自然资源的广度将日益扩大。
• Our educational reform was steadily led onto the correct path.我们的教学改革慢慢上轨道了。

7 penchant   

n.爱好，嗜好；（强烈的）倾向

参考例句：

• She has a penchant for Indian food.她爱吃印度食物。
• He had a penchant for playing jokes on people.他喜欢拿人开玩笑。

8 naval   

adj.海军的，军舰的，船的

参考例句：

• He took part in a great naval battle.他参加了一次大海战。
• The harbour is an important naval base.该港是一个重要的海军基地。

9 smuggle   

vt.私运；vi.走私

参考例句：

• Friends managed to smuggle him secretly out of the country.朋友们想方设法将他秘密送出国了。
• She has managed to smuggle out the antiques without getting caught.她成功将古董走私出境，没有被逮捕。

10 subduing   

征服( subdue的现在分词 )； 克制； 制服； 色变暗

参考例句：

• They are the probation subduing the heart to human joys. 它们不过是抑制情欲的一种考验。
• Some believe that: is spiritual, mysterious and a very subduing colour. 有的认为：是精神，神秘色彩十分慑。

11 blueprints   

n.蓝图，设计图( blueprint的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Have the blueprints been worked out? 蓝图搞好了吗？ 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• BluePrints description of a distributed component of the system design and best practice guidelines. BluePrints描述了一个分布式组件体系的最佳练习和设计指导方针。 来自互联网

12 fascist   

adj.法西斯主义的；法西斯党的；n.法西斯主义者，法西斯分子

参考例句：

• The strikers were roughed up by the fascist cops.罢工工人遭到法西斯警察的殴打。
• They succeeded in overthrowing the fascist dictatorship.他们成功推翻了法西斯独裁统治。

13 candid   

adj.公正的，正直的；坦率的

参考例句：

• I cannot but hope the candid reader will give some allowance for it.我只有希望公正的读者多少包涵一些。
• He is quite candid with his friends.他对朋友相当坦诚。

14 confession   

n.自白，供认，承认

参考例句：

• Her confession was simply tantamount to a casual explanation.她的自白简直等于一篇即席说明。
• The police used torture to extort a confession from him.警察对他用刑逼供。

15 scattered   

adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的

参考例句：

• Gathering up his scattered papers,he pushed them into his case.他把散乱的文件收拾起来，塞进文件夹里。

16 daunted   

使（某人）气馁，威吓( daunt的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• She was a brave woman but she felt daunted by the task ahead. 她是一个勇敢的女人，但对面前的任务却感到信心不足。
• He was daunted by the high quality of work they expected. 他被他们对工作的高品质的要求吓倒了。

17 diplomats   

n.外交官( diplomat的名词复数 )；有手腕的人，善于交际的人

参考例句：

• These events led to the expulsion of senior diplomats from the country. 这些事件导致一些高级外交官被驱逐出境。
• The court has no jurisdiction over foreign diplomats living in this country. 法院对驻本国的外交官无裁判权。 来自《简明英汉词典》

18 unravelled   

解开，拆散，散开( unravel的过去式和过去分词 )； 阐明； 澄清； 弄清楚

参考例句：

• I unravelled the string and wound it into a ball. 我把绳子解开并绕成一个球。
• The legal tangle was never really unravelled. 这起法律纠葛从来没有真正解决。