2021年经济学人 美国遇史上最严重黑客入侵,幕后黑手系俄罗斯?(1)

United States

美国版块

Cyber-security

网络安全

Bear hunt

猎熊

Hackers¹ have vaulted² into the heart of America’s government

黑客已经潜入美国政府的核心

On september 25th Russia’s president, Vladimir Putin, warned that a “largescale confrontation³ in the digital sphere” was looming⁴. He offered a solution. Russia and America would “exchange guarantees of non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, including electoral processes, including using ICT”—in short, a cybertruce. Even as he spoke⁵, his hackers were apparently⁶ deep inside some of America’s most sensitive networks.

9月25日，俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京警告称，“数字领域的大规模对抗”一触即发。他提出了一个解决办法。即俄罗斯和美国将“彼此保证不通过信息和通信技术等方式干涉对方的内政，包括选举进程”——简而言之，就是网络休战协议。就在普京讲话的时候，他手下的黑客显然已经深入到美国最敏感的一些网络中。

American officials claim that a group of hackers known as APT29, or more evocatively as Cozy⁷ Bear, thought to be part of the SVR, Russia’s foreign intelligence service, penetrated⁸ several American government bodies—the list so far includes the Treasury⁹, Commerce, State and Homeland Security Departments, along with the National Institutes of Health—where they could read emails at will. It appears to be one of the largest-ever acts of digital espionage¹⁰ against America.

美国官员声称，美国政府认为名为APT29的黑客组织（或者更能让人想起的舒适熊组织）隶属于俄罗斯对外情报局（SVR），该组织侵入了几个美国政府机构。迄今为止，入侵名单包括美国财政部、商务部、国土安全部，以及国立卫生研究院，黑客组织可以随意浏览这些政府机构的电子邮件。这似乎是有史以来针对美国的最大规模的数字间谍活动之一。

The intrusion took a circuitous¹¹ route. Between March and June, SolarWinds, a Texan company, pushed out updates to its Orion software, which is widely used to help organisations monitor their networks. The malware hitched¹² a ride on those updates. Once downloaded, it allowed hackers to impersonate an organisation’s system administrators¹³, who typically have the run of the entire network. It cleverly funnelled¹⁴ out data by disguising it as legitimate¹⁵ traffic while parrying anti-virus tools. Once inside, intruders can remain present even if Orion is disconnected.

黑客入侵采取了迂回的方式。今年3月至6月，德州公司SolarWinds推出了旗下Orion软件的更新，该软件被广泛用于帮助组织监控其网络。恶意软件搭上了更新的便车。一旦下载，黑客就可以冒充一个组织的系统管理员，而系统管理员通常负责整个网络的运行。恶意软件巧妙地将数据伪装成合法流量，同时避开反病毒工具。一旦进入，即使Orion被断开连接，入侵者也可以继续存在。

1 hackers   

n.计算机迷( hacker的名词复数 )；私自存取或篡改电脑资料者，电脑“黑客”

参考例句：

• They think of viruses that infect an organization from the outside.They envision hackers breaking into their information vaults. 他们考虑来自外部的感染公司的病毒，他们设想黑客侵入到信息宝库中。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Arranging a meeting with the hackers took weeks againoff-again email exchanges. 通过几星期电子邮件往来安排见面，他们最终同意了。 来自互联网

2 vaulted   

adj.拱状的

参考例句：

• She vaulted over the gate and ran up the path. 她用手一撑跃过栅栏门沿着小路跑去。
• The formal living room has a fireplace and vaulted ceilings. 正式的客厅有一个壁炉和拱形天花板。

3 confrontation   

n.对抗，对峙，冲突

参考例句：

• We can't risk another confrontation with the union.我们不能冒再次同工会对抗的危险。
• After years of confrontation,they finally have achieved a modus vivendi.在对抗很长时间后，他们最后达成安宁生存的非正式协议。

4 looming   

n.上现蜃景（光通过低层大气发生异常折射形成的一种海市蜃楼）v.隐约出现，阴森地逼近( loom的现在分词 )；隐约出现，阴森地逼近

参考例句：

• The foothills were looming ahead through the haze. 丘陵地带透过薄雾朦胧地出现在眼前。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Then they looked up. Looming above them was Mount Proteome. 接着他们往上看，在其上隐约看到的是蛋白质组山。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 回顾与展望

5 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

6 apparently   

adv.显然地；表面上，似乎

参考例句：

• An apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽，豁然开朗。
• He was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。

7 cozy   

adj.亲如手足的，密切的，暖和舒服的

参考例句：

• I like blankets because they are cozy.我喜欢毛毯，因为他们是舒适的。
• We spent a cozy evening chatting by the fire.我们在炉火旁聊天度过了一个舒适的晚上。

8 penetrated   

adj. 击穿的，鞭辟入里的 动词penetrate的过去式和过去分词形式

参考例句：

• The knife had penetrated his chest. 刀子刺入了他的胸膛。
• They penetrated into territory where no man had ever gone before. 他们已进入先前没人去过的地区。

9 treasury   

n.宝库；国库，金库；文库

参考例句：

• The Treasury was opposed in principle to the proposals.财政部原则上反对这些提案。
• This book is a treasury of useful information.这本书是有价值的信息宝库。

10 espionage   

n.间谍行为，谍报活动

参考例句：

• The authorities have arrested several people suspected of espionage.官方已经逮捕了几个涉嫌从事间谍活动的人。
• Neither was there any hint of espionage in Hanley's early life.汉利的早期生活也毫无进行间谍活动的迹象。

11 circuitous   

adj.迂回的路的，迂曲的，绕行的

参考例句：

• They took a circuitous route to avoid reporters.他们绕道避开了记者。
• The explanation was circuitous and puzzling.这个解释很迂曲，让人困惑不解。

12 hitched   

（免费）搭乘他人之车( hitch的过去式和过去分词 )； 搭便车； 攀上； 跃上

参考例句：

• They hitched a ride in a truck. 他们搭乘了一辆路过的货车。
• We hitched a ride in a truck yesterday. 我们昨天顺便搭乘了一辆卡车。

13 administrators   

n.管理者( administrator的名词复数 )；有管理（或行政）才能的人；（由遗嘱检验法庭指定的）遗产管理人；奉派暂管主教教区的牧师

参考例句：

• He had administrators under him but took the crucial decisions himself. 他手下有管理人员，但重要的决策仍由他自己来做。 来自辞典例句
• Administrators have their own methods of social intercourse. 办行政的人有他们的社交方式。 来自汉英文学 - 围城

14 funnelled   

漏斗状的

参考例句：

• He secretly funnelled credit-card information to counterfeiters. 他偷偷地把信用卡信息传递给造假者。
• The water funnelled through the gorge and out onto the plain. 水穿过峡谷流到平原。

15 legitimate   

adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法

参考例句：

• Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。
• That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。