TED演讲:为什么头盔不能预防脑震荡?(7)

 Now, what's there at the bottom of this fissure¹? 所以，裂缝的底部有什么？

It's the wiring of your brain, and in fact this red bundle here at the bottom of that fissure is the single largest fiber² bundle 那里有脑部的“线路”，事实上，裂缝底部红色的那一捆“线路”是最大的单个纤维束，

that is the wiring that connects the right and left sides of your brain. It's called the corpus callosum. 也就是它连接着你们的左右脑。它被称为脑胼胝体。

And we think that this might be one of the most common mechanisms⁴ of concussion⁵,  我们认为，这也许是脑震荡最为常见的成因，

and as the forces move down, they strike the corpus callosum,  击打力向下移动，撞机脑胼胝体，

it causes a dissociation between your right and your left brain and could explain some of the symptoms of concussion. 导致左右脑之间的连接断裂，这样就可以脑震荡的一些症状。

This finding is also consistent of what we've seen in this brain disease that I mentioned, chronic⁶ traumatic encephalopathy. 此外，这项发现与我之前提过的脑震荡引起的诸如慢性创伤性脑病等脑部疾病的症状相符。

So this is an image of a middle-aged⁷ ex-professional football player,  这是一个中年前橄榄球职业运动员的脑部图片，

and the thing that I want to point out is if you look at the corpus callosum,  我想指出的是，如果你仔细观察脑胼胝体，

and I'll page back here so you can see the size of a normal corpus callosum 我们看一下上一页的这张图片，这是一个正常脑胼胝体的大小，

and the size of the person here who has chronic traumatic encephalopathy, it is greatly atrophied⁸. 这是那位患有慢性创伤性脑病的脑胼胝体，它大幅萎缩了。

And the same goes for all of the space in the ventricles. These ventricles are much larger. 脑室的大小也有变化，然而它们却变大很多。

And so all of this tissue near the center of the brain has died off over time. 这意味着脑部中央附近的组织细胞，已经逐渐凋亡。

So what we're learning is indeed consistent. 这也印证了我们的研究发现。

Now, there is some good news here, and I hope to give you a sense of hope by the end of this talk. 但是，这里我也要带来一些好消息，希望能给在座各位一些希望。

One of the things that we've noticed, specifically about this mechanism³ of injury,  我们注意到一些损伤机制的细节，

is although there's a rapid transmission of the forces down this fissure, it still takes a defined amount of time. 虽然力在裂缝中的向下传导非常迅速，它还是需要一定的时间的。

And what we think is that if we can slow the head down just enough so that the brain does not lag behind the skull⁹ 所以我们设想，如果能够减缓头部的向下移动，那么脑部运动就不会落后于颅骨，

but instead it moves in synchrony with the skull, then we might be able to prevent this mechanism of concussion. 而是与颅骨同步，这样我们或许就能预防脑震荡。

1 fissure   

n.裂缝；裂伤

参考例句：

• Though we all got out to examine the fissure,he remained in the car.我们纷纷下车察看那个大裂缝，他却呆在车上。
• Ground fissure is the main geological disaster in Xi'an city construction.地裂缝是西安市主要的工程地质灾害问题。

2 fiber   

n.纤维，纤维质

参考例句：

• The basic structural unit of yarn is the fiber.纤维是纱的基本结构单元。
• The material must be free of fiber clumps.这种材料必须无纤维块。

3 mechanism   

n.机械装置；机构，结构

参考例句：

• The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
• The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。

4 mechanisms   

n.机械( mechanism的名词复数 )；机械装置；[生物学] 机制；机械作用

参考例句：

• The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms. 这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He explained how the two mechanisms worked. 他解释这两台机械装置是如何工作的。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 concussion   

n.脑震荡；震动

参考例句：

• He was carried off the field with slight concussion.他因轻微脑震荡给抬离了现场。
• She suffers from brain concussion.她得了脑震荡。

6 chronic   

adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的

参考例句：

• Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
• Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。

7 middle-aged   

adj.中年的

参考例句：

• I noticed two middle-aged passengers.我注意到两个中年乘客。
• The new skin balm was welcome by middle-aged women.这种新护肤香膏受到了中年妇女的欢迎。

8 atrophied   

adj.萎缩的，衰退的v.（使）萎缩，（使）虚脱，（使）衰退( atrophy的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Patients exercised their atrophied limbs in the swimming pool. 病人们在泳池里锻炼萎缩的四肢。 来自辞典例句
• Method: Using microwave tissue thermocoaqulation to make chronic tonsillitis coagulated and atrophied. 方法：采用微波热凝方法使慢性扁桃体炎组织凝固、萎缩。 来自互联网

9 skull   

n.头骨；颅骨

参考例句：

• The skull bones fuse between the ages of fifteen and twenty-five.头骨在15至25岁之间长合。
• He fell out of the window and cracked his skull.他从窗子摔了出去，跌裂了颅骨。