TED演讲:怎样让企业持续运行100年(1)

 Imagine that you are a product designer.  把自己想象成一个产品设计师。

And you've designed a product, a new type of product, called the human immune system. 你设计了一种产品，一种叫做人体免疫机制的新产品

You're pitching this product to a skeptical¹, strictly² no-nonsense manager. 你在向一个持质疑态度、不容许讲废话的经理推销这种产品

Let's call him Bob. I think we all know at least one Bob, right? 让我们叫他鲍勃。我想每个人都至少认识一个鲍勃，对吧

How would that go?  将会发生什么呢

Bob, I've got this incredible idea for a completely new type of personal health product. 鲍勃，我有了一个美妙的想法，我要做一种全新的个人健康产品

It's called the human immune system.  它叫做人体免疫机制

All I can see from your face that you're having some problems with this.  我能从你的反应看出你不太相信

Don't worry. I know it's very complicated.  不要担心，我知道这不好理解

I don't want to take you through the gory³ details,  我不会赘述令人肉麻的细节

I just want to tell you about some of the amazing features of this product.  我只想告诉你这种产品的几个惊人之处

First of all, it cleverly uses redundancy by having millions of copies of each component⁴ 首先，它巧妙地使用了庞大性，它拥有上百万备用的同种组织

leukocytes, white blood cells before they're actually needed, to create a massive buffer⁵ against the unexpected. 比如血白细胞，来制造应对突发情况的有效方案

And it cleverly leverages⁶ diversity by having not just leukocytes but B cells, T cells, natural killer⁷ cells, antibodies. 其次它有着多样性，不只是有白血细胞，还有B细胞、T细胞、自然杀伤细胞和抗体

The components⁸ don't really matter. The point is that together, 重要的不是它的组成部分。重要的是合在一起

this diversity of different approaches can cope with more or less anything that evolution has been able to throw up. 这种有着不同种类的多样性，几乎可以解决进化中出现的所有问题

And the design is completely modular.  而且它的设计十分模块化

You have the surface barrier of the human skin,  有着人体皮肤的表面保护

you have the very rapidly reacting innate⁹ immune system and then you have the highly targeted adaptive immune system. 不仅有与生俱来的反应敏捷的免疫机制，还有着适应力极强的高效免疫系统

The point is, that if one system fails, another can take over, creating a virtually foolproof system. 即使一种机制失效，另一种也能及时补上，创造出十分安全的系统

1 skeptical   

adj.怀疑的，多疑的

参考例句：

• Others here are more skeptical about the chances for justice being done.这里的其他人更为怀疑正义能否得到伸张。
• Her look was skeptical and resigned.她的表情是将信将疑而又无可奈何。

2 strictly   

adv.严厉地，严格地；严密地

参考例句：

• His doctor is dieting him strictly.他的医生严格规定他的饮食。
• The guests were seated strictly in order of precedence.客人严格按照地位高低就座。

3 gory   

adj.流血的；残酷的

参考例句：

• I shuddered when I heard the gory details.我听到血淋淋的详情，战栗不已。
• The newspaper account of the accident gave all the gory details.报纸上报道了这次事故中所有骇人听闻的细节。

4 component   

n.组成部分，成分，元件；adj.组成的，合成的

参考例句：

• Each component is carefully checked before assembly.每个零件在装配前都经过仔细检查。
• Blade and handle are the component parts of a knife.刀身和刀柄是一把刀的组成部分。

5 buffer   

n.起缓冲作用的人(或物)，缓冲器；vt.缓冲

参考例句：

• A little money can be a useful buffer in time of need.在急需时，很少一点钱就能解燃眉之急。
• Romantic love will buffer you against life's hardships.浪漫的爱会减轻生活的艰辛。

6 leverages   

促使…改变( leverage的第三人称单数 )； [美国英语]杠杆式投机，（使）举债经营，（使）利用贷款进行投机

参考例句：

• Additionally, this approach leverages the benefits of incremental and full backups. 除此之外，这一个作法也使渐近式以及完全的备份变得容易。
• A simple formula for building mutual value-creating relationships with consumers leverages dialogue, data, and insights. 与客户建立共同的价值创造关系，一条简单的准则就是利用对话、数据和洞察力。

7 killer   

n.杀人者，杀人犯，杀手，屠杀者

参考例句：

• Heart attacks have become Britain's No.1 killer disease.心脏病已成为英国的头号致命疾病。
• The bulk of the evidence points to him as her killer.大量证据证明是他杀死她的。

8 components   

（机器、设备等的）构成要素，零件，成分； 成分( component的名词复数 )； [物理化学]组分； [数学]分量； （混合物的）组成部分

参考例句：

• the components of a machine 机器部件
• Our chemistry teacher often reduces a compound to its components in lab. 在实验室中化学老师常把化合物分解为各种成分。

9 innate   

adj.天生的，固有的，天赋的

参考例句：

• You obviously have an innate talent for music.你显然有天生的音乐才能。
• Correct ideas are not innate in the mind.人的正确思想不是自己头脑中固有的。