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新编大学英语阅读部分第三册Unit2-2

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Unit 2
Manners

After-Class Reading

PASSAGE 1 Who Pays the Check?

On their first date, Maureen and Dennis ate at one of the most popular Italian restaurants in town. The two, who had met at a fitness club[1], enjoyed each other's company at dinner, but when the waiter later placed the check between them, the relaxed mood of the evening seemed to vanish. Who would pay the check? Dennis had asked Maureen out, but she had been the one to suggest dinner and at this particular restaurant. He seemed to hesitate, then reached for the bill. "Oh, no, he wanted me to offer," Maureen thought. "Is it too late now — how much should I pay?"
The days when men were the only ones to ask for dates, and women had their evenings paid for, seem to be on the wane1, but there are no rules about who pays for what when couples go out. Instead, many women and men tend to play it by ear, often trying to second-guess each other. For instance, a woman may wonder: "Should I pay for half for the sake of equality and to avoid any notion that I owe him anything?" A man may wonder: "Should I pick up the tab on the first date and hope she'll get it the next time?"
Who pays for a date can establish or reflect the roles of each person in the relationship. Dr Catherine Gildner, a Toronto psychologist, says money gives a person a measure of power. If a man asks a woman out and picks up the entire tab, it casts the couple into traditional roles, which some women and men now find unsuitable. In some cases, a woman resents a date if he feels that, by paying, he has more power — e.g., to choose the restaurant and meal — or he mistakenly assumes that she is obliged to him in some way[2]. Or a man may resent a date who automatically expects him to be entirely2 responsible for the bill. Splitting the check on the first few dates can help start the relationship as one between two equals, Dr Gildner suggests. It also allows you to evaluate each other more objectively. For instance, it helps to prevent any notion that you're obliged to your date in some way merely because he picked up the tab for an expensive evening. And it may reassure3 him that you're dating him to spend time with him — not to eat for free[3]. It may also mean the two of you can afford to go out more often.
When possible[4], it is best to deal with dating expenses in the beginning, according to Bruce Barnes, a Toronto psychotherapist. For example, suppose that you like to pay your way[5] on a first date and a man invites you to dinner at his favorite restaurant, which you know is pricey. You might reply, "I'd love to go out with you, but that restaurant is too expensive for me." Then, you could suggest another place. This way, "you can both sit back and enjoy the meal without any hidden expectations or assumptions," Barnes says.
Sharing dating expenses needn't involve using a calculator to tabulate4 who drank more wine or who had dessert. If you want to split the check, 50-50 is probably best, despite who ate what. Barnes says that other egalitarian methods of dating, such as paying on alternate dates or reciprocating5 with home-cooked meals, can also help you maintain an equal balance in a relationship. For example, some women and men feel that the person who initiated7 the date — regardless of whether it was the man or the woman — should pick up the tab the first time, then the other person can reciprocate8 next time.
Barnes says some men who are insecure feel that their masculinity is threatened when a woman picks up the tab. If your date always insists on paying the entire bill and you prefer to share the cost at least sometimes, you might say, "I wouldn't have accepted your invitation unless I wanted to go out with you and pay for half."
On the other hand, some women who insist on paying 50 percent of everything on every date may be revealing their own insecurity: they may be unsure of their independence and need to prove it all the time, according to Dr Gildner. She says that the 50-50 arrangement need not be a rule "for all times and forever." As you become more secure in a relationship and see each other more often, you can work out arrangements that suit each of you.
Indeed, splitting the bill 50-50 is sometimes unfair. For example, Barnes suggests that you assume your date is picking up the check if he asks you out, then chooses a restaurant without consulting you, and orders an expensive entrée9 and a bottle of wine to match[6], while you're modest in your meal selection. In this situation, if your date looks at the check and says, "Your half comes to...," he's not a liberated10 man who is treating you as an equal — he's just plain cheap[7], says Barnes. (848 words)

Proper Names

Amy Vanderbilt
(女子名)艾米.范德比尔特

Dutch
荷兰的

Emily
(女子名)埃米莉

Jane Trahey
(女子名)简.特拉希

New Words

advancement*
n. the obtaining of a higher position or rank 提升,升级

awkward
adj. causing inconvenience, anxiety or embarrassment11 尴尬的
e.g. You are putting me in an awkward position.

baffle
v. confuse, to puzzle 使困惑
e.g. The problem baffled all the candidates.

blessing12
n. something that brings happiness 幸事,喜事
e.g. It was a blessing that no one was injured.

concerned*
adj. involved, interested 有关的,有牵连的
e.g. As far as I'm concerned, they're making an unnecessary fuss.

dummy13
n. a stupid person; fool 傻瓜

entrepreneur
n. a person who starts a company or business, with the chance of profit or loss 企业家

etiquette14
n. the formal rules for polite behavior in society or in a particular group 礼节,礼仪

exit
v. leave a place 出去,离去
e.g. She exited without being noticed.
n. a door or space through which one can leave a place; the act of leaving a place 出去,离去;出口,安全门
e.g. I ) After the performance, the actress made a graceful15 exit.
II ) There are two emergency exits, one at the back and the other at the front of the hall.

foolhardy
adj. foolishly brave; taking unnecessary risks 鲁莽的
e.g. She is foolhardy enough to risk all her money on this crazy plan.

fragile
adj. easily damaged, broken or harmed 易损坏的,易受伤害的
e.g. Be careful with that vase-it's very fragile and worth a lot of money.

garbage
n. rubbish 垃圾 废物

initiative
n. the first movement or act which starts something happening 主动的行动,倡仪
e.g. He went to see the dean on his own initiative.

innate16
adj. in one's nature; possessed17 by birth 天生的,固有的
e.g. The ability to learn language is an innate human ability.

lout18
n. a rude, violent man粗鄙的人,举止粗鲁的人

lurk19
v. wait somewhere quietly and secretly, usually because one is going to do something wrong 潜伏,埋伏
e.g. There was a man lurking20 in the bushes.

outlive
v. to live longer than someone else 比……活得长
e.g. He outlived his elder brother by fifteen years.

steer21
v. direct the course of 引导,带领
e.g. The policeman steered22 the children across the street.

Phrases and Expressions

as far as ... is concerned
就……而言
e.g. The rise in interest rates will be disastrous23 as far as small firms are concerned.

at the mercy of
unable to do anything to protect oneself from someone or something 任凭……摆布,在……面前无能为力
e.g. They were lost at sea, at the mercy of the wind.

come up
happen 发生
e.g. Let me know if anything interesting comes up.

in need of
needing help, advice, money, etc. 有……的需要,有……的必要
e.g. I was all right but badly in need of rest.

in terms of
relating to . . . , with regard to ... 在……方面,从……方面(说来)
e.g. In terms of value to this company, how much do you think you are worth?

insist on
require or demand, refusing to accept an alternative 坚决主张
e.g. My grandmother insists on cleanliness in the kitchen.

out of step
not conforming to what others are doing or thinking 与他人不协调
e.g. He is out of step with modern ideas.

pick up
collect; to arrange to go and get 取(物);接(人),接载(人)
e.g. I will stop by your house and pick you up at noon.

refer to ... as
mention or speak about someone or something as 把……称作
e. g. She often refers to Mr Smith as "the boss".

take the initiative
take the first action; to make the first move on an issue 采取主动,首先采取行动
e.g. Anne took the initiative to discuss problems among the staff.


PASSAGE II Who Pays the Check?

On their first date, Maureen and Dennis ate at one of the most popular Italian restaurants in town. The two, who had met at a fitness club[1], enjoyed each other's company at dinner, but when the waiter later placed the check between them, the relaxed mood of the evening seemed to vanish. Who would pay the check? Dennis had asked Maureen out, but she had been the one to suggest dinner and at this particular restaurant. He seemed to hesitate, then reached for the bill. "Oh, no, he wanted me to offer," Maureen thought. "Is it too late now — how much should I pay?"
The days when men were the only ones to ask for dates, and women had their evenings paid for, seem to be on the wane, but there are no rules about who pays for what when couples go out. Instead, many women and men tend to play it by ear, often trying to second-guess each other. For instance, a woman may wonder: "Should I pay for half for the sake of equality and to avoid any notion that I owe him anything?" A man may wonder: "Should I pick up the tab on the first date and hope she'll get it the next time?"
Who pays for a date can establish or reflect the roles of each person in the relationship. Dr Catherine Gildner, a Toronto psychologist, says money gives a person a measure of power. If a man asks a woman out and picks up the entire tab, it casts the couple into traditional roles, which some women and men now find unsuitable. In some cases, a woman resents a date if he feels that, by paying, he has more power — e.g., to choose the restaurant and meal — or he mistakenly assumes that she is obliged to him in some way[2]. Or a man may resent a date who automatically expects him to be entirely responsible for the bill. Splitting the check on the first few dates can help start the relationship as one between two equals, Dr Gildner suggests. It also allows you to evaluate each other more objectively. For instance, it helps to prevent any notion that you're obliged to your date in some way merely because he picked up the tab for an expensive evening. And it may reassure him that you're dating him to spend time with him — not to eat for free[3]. It may also mean the two of you can afford to go out more often.
When possible[4], it is best to deal with dating expenses in the beginning, according to Bruce Barnes, a Toronto psychotherapist. For example, suppose that you like to pay your way[5] on a first date and a man invites you to dinner at his favorite restaurant, which you know is pricey. You might reply, "I'd love to go out with you, but that restaurant is too expensive for me." Then, you could suggest another place. This way, "you can both sit back and enjoy the meal without any hidden expectations or assumptions," Barnes says.
Sharing dating expenses needn't involve using a calculator to tabulate who drank more wine or who had dessert. If you want to split the check, 50-50 is probably best, despite who ate what. Barnes says that other egalitarian methods of dating, such as paying on alternate dates or reciprocating with home-cooked meals, can also help you maintain an equal balance in a relationship. For example, some women and men feel that the person who initiated the date — regardless of whether it was the man or the woman — should pick up the tab the first time, then the other person can reciprocate next time.
Barnes says some men who are insecure feel that their masculinity is threatened when a woman picks up the tab. If your date always insists on paying the entire bill and you prefer to share the cost at least sometimes, you might say, "I wouldn't have accepted your invitation unless I wanted to go out with you and pay for half."
On the other hand, some women who insist on paying 50 percent of everything on every date may be revealing their own insecurity: they may be unsure of their independence and need to prove it all the time, according to Dr Gildner. She says that the 50-50 arrangement need not be a rule "for all times and forever." As you become more secure in a relationship and see each other more often, you can work out arrangements that suit each of you.
Indeed, splitting the bill 50-50 is sometimes unfair. For example, Barnes suggests that you assume your date is picking up the check if he asks you out, then chooses a restaurant without consulting you, and orders an expensive entrée and a bottle of wine to match[6], while you're modest in your meal selection. In this situation, if your date looks at the check and says, "Your half comes to...," he's not a liberated man who is treating you as an equal — he's just plain cheap[7], says Barnes. (848 words)


Proper Names

Bruce Barnes
(男子名)布鲁斯.巴恩斯

Catherine Gildner
(女子名)凯瑟琳.吉尔德纳

Dennis
(男子名)丹尼斯

Italian
意大利的

Maureen
(女子名)莫林

Toronto
(地名)多伦多(加拿大东南部港市)

New Words

alternate
adj. happening or following one after another; one of every two 交替的;间隔的
e.g. I ) We have had a week of alternate rain and sunshine (时雨时晴).
II) Our committee meets on alternate Thursdays.

arrangement
n.
1) something that has been settled or agreed on 商定之事,协商
e.g. I have an arrangement with my ex-wife (前妻) to see the children every weekend.
2) (usually plural) a plan made in preparation for something 筹划,准备
e.g. They have already made all arrangements for the conference.

calculator
n. a small electronic device for making mathematical calculations 计算器
e.g. You won't be allowed to carry a programmable calculator into the exam.

consult
v. seek guidance or information from; to refer to for information 请教,咨询,查阅
e.g. I ) He consulted his doctor about his health.
II ) You'd better consult an encyclopedia24 (百科全书) for the details of the event.

date
n.
1) a social or romantic appointment 约会
e.g. Mary and Frank went to the movies for their first date.
2) a person with whom one has a social or romantic appointment约会对象
e.g. He said his date was one of the girls in the show.
v. to go out with someone for romantic interest 与……约会
e.g. For a year I dated a girl who was a research assistant.

egalitarian
adj. having or showing the belief that all people are equal and should have equal rights 主张平等的

entree
n. the main dish of a meal (美)主菜

fitness *
n. the state of being physically25 fit 健康
e.g. Physical fitness is encouraged for children in most schools.

initiate6
v. cause (a process or action) to begin 开始,发起
e.g. I ) Mary initiated a conversation with the man sitting next to her.
II ) The city council has initiated a house-building program for the poor.

masculinity
n. the characteristics and qualities considered to be typical of men 男子气概

mistakenly*
adv. erroneously, incorrectly 错误地,误解地
e.g. She mistakenly believed that she could get away with not paying her taxes.

objectively*
adv. without being influenced by one's own feelings or opinions 客观地
e.g. Judges are supposed to weigh the evidence in each case logically and objectively.

pricey
adj. expensive or unduly26 expensive 昂贵的,过分昂贵的
e.g. A car like that is too pricey for me.

psychotherapist
n. a doctor who treats mental disorders27 by psychological rather than medical means 采用心理、精神疗法的医生

reassure
v. say or do something to remove the doubts and fears of someone 使放心,使消除疑虑
e.g. The mayor reassured28 the citizens that he would not raise taxes.

reciprocate
v. respond to (a gesture or action) by making a corresponding one 回报,酬答,反应
e.g. I ) We invited them to dinner and a week later they reciprocated29.
II) If you show trust to somebody, that trust will be reciprocated.

second-guess
v. anticipate or predict by guess work 猜测,预言
e.g. He had to second-guess what the environmental regulations would be in five years' time.

split
v. (split, split) share; to divide into separate parts 分担,分享;分成若干份
e.g. I ) They split the cost of the dinner between them.
II) The book is split into three major divisions.

tab
n.
1) (informal AmE) a (restaurant) bill 待付账单
e.g. I ) At the end of the meal, Mr Smith asked for the tab.
II) Whenever we go out, my father picks up the tab.
2) a small piece of paper, cloth, etc. that is fixed30 to the edge of something, especially giving information about it 标签,标牌
e.g. The various sections of the cookbook are marked by colored tabs.

tabulate
v. arrange figures or information in a set or a list so that they can be easily compared列表,排成表格式

wane
n. becoming smaller, weaker, or less important 减少,减退,衰弱


Phrases and Expressions

a measure of
a certain quantity or degree of something 分量,程度
e.g. With the exception of Mary, each attained31 a measure of success.

on the wane
becoming less, weaker or smaller 日益衰落,衰弱,日益败落
e.g. Signs suggest that the organization is on the wane.

pick up the tab/check
pay the bill 承担全部费用
e.g. Order whatever you want. The company is going to pick up the tab.

play it by ear
decide what to do according to the way a situation develops (没有预定计划)随机应变
e.g. A spokesman said the UN team would play it by ear.

sit back
settle oneself comfortably back, e.g. in a chair 倚着靠背舒服地坐着
e.g. I sat back and enjoyed a cup a tea.


PASSAGE III Why Manners?

Almost all of us believe that we live in an age of uncouth32 manners, that things were better in some previous era. For example, the 18th century in England is known as a period of high refinement33 in social intercourse34. We look back with nostalgia35 to the soft candle-light, the elaborate courtesies, the hand-kissing — unwilling37 to confront the brutal38 reality of a century in which dueling40 to the death was commonplace and gentlemen were expected to drink themselves under the table[1].
Manners change. In our day, it is considered good manners to be clean — indeed we spend billions of dollars on products designed to keep us "fresh"[2]. In the 18th century, by contrast, most doctors and church authorities frowned on bathing, and women's elegant hairdoes were often full of lice.[3]
The changeability of manners makes the whole subject difficult to approach. To take one example: It was not considered bad manners in the 18th century for a man to wear his hat indoors. You would take it off to greet a lady, but then you'd put it right back on your head.
The reason for this is perfectly41 plain. In the first place, the hat served as a sign of rank throughout most of history, a visible mark of status; in the second place, you couldn't draw a sword easily if you were holding a hat in your hand.
There is a lesson to be learned from this. For the most part, manners are merely self-protective devices appropriate to the customs of a particular age. These customs sometimes become formalized and symbolic42, but they invariably derive43 from some practical need. Thus, on meeting somebody, we commonly shake right hands — a formal custom of no present-day significance. But in an age when everybody carried weapons, it was a demonstration44 that one was prepared to converse45 without a weapon in one's hand, a sign of peace. What we think of as "good manners" was merely a way of saying, "I mean you no immediate46 violence, if you can show that your intention is the same."[4]
In a similar spirit, the seat on the right hand of the host is the place of honor. One theory about the origin of this custom is that a right-handed man sitting on the host's right could not easily stab him. What had been the prudent47 place for a rival gradually became the honored seat for any important guest.
Caution lies behind manners, wherever we look.[5] In days gone by,[6] a host sampled the wine before serving it, not to check that the wine was all right but to prove to his guests that it wasn't poisoned. A wine steward48 used his polished silver wine server as a demonstration of the host's good will toward his guests. Silver was thought to neutralize49 poisons in wine.
Why do we stand aside and let someone older or more important go through the door first? One theory is that in medieval times it was sensible for the strongest man to leave the castle first, since there was always a possibility he would be met with armed opponents or the rebellious50 peasantry waving pitchforks and scythes52. Gradually a certain honor descended54 upon this position.[7] It was assumed that the most important person was also the strongest, and even if he wasn't, he could hardly deny it.[7]
Manners are society's way of oiling the machinery55. If you don't lubricate relationships, tempers rise and people fight unnecessary battles. Besides, it's worthwhile having good manners, so that when you drop them for a moment, people know you mean business.[8] When Dwight D. Eisenhower[9], for example, turned red and swore, people ran for cover, because he was usually extremely polite.[10]
People with good manners do better in most situations than those without.[11] Most negotiations56, for example, are impossible without good manners, which explains why diplomats58 are famed for their courtesy.[12] The best lawyers, too, are usually exquisitely59 courteous60. Beware of the man who never raises his voice and always treats you with courtesy — he could be going for the jugular61[13].
Despite mankind's reputation for violence, most people prefer to avoid confrontation62, and avoiding confrontation is what manners are all about.[14] Manners are not a demonstration of weakness, but a sign of common sense.
In the end, there is no gain in being cruel to people,[15] whether it is in the small failures of civility in daily life or in the larger ones. Manners are mankind's way of saying "Let's not fight unless we have to" — and there may be no higher wisdom than that,[16] in diplomacy63, in business, in love and marriage, and in the transactions of everyday life. (776 words)


Proper Names

Dwight Eisenhower
(男子名)德怀特.艾森豪威尔

New Words

beware
v. (used in imperative64 and infinitive65 to warn someone) be very careful 当心,注意,谨防
e.g. There was a big notice on the gate saying: "Beware of the dog."

brutal
adj. showing a complete lack of kind or sensitive human feelings 无情的,野蛮的
e.g. She was taken to a small cell, where she was subjected to a brutal beating.

changeability*
n. the state of being changeable 变化无常

civility
n. politeness; the quality of having good manners 礼貌,谦恭

confrontation *
n. a situation where there is a lot of disagreement between two people or groups with very different opinions 对抗,冲突
e.g. A confrontation with UN forces is the last thing he wants.

diplomacy
n. the work of managing the relationships between countries 外交
e.g. President Bush might still seek to conclude the crisis through diplomacy.

diplomat57
n. someone who officially represents their government in a foreign country 外交官

duel39
v. fight with hand guns or swords, arranged between two people because of a quarrel 决斗
e.g. They had been dueling for hours and finally called for a draw.

elaborate
adj. containing a lot of small details or parts that are connected with each other in a complicated way复杂的
e.g. They are making the most elaborate preparations for the wedding.

exquisitely*
adv. in an extremely beautiful or pleasant way, especially in a delicate or refined way 精致地;精美地
e.g. Their house is exquisitely furnished.

hairdo
n. (informal) a woman's hairstyle (尤指女子)发型,做好的头发

indoors
adv. inside a building (在)室内,(在)户内
e.g. We'd better go indoors.

intercourse
n. an exchange of ideas, feelings, etc. which makes people understand each other better 往来,交往,交际

jugular
n. a vital vein66 in the neck 颈静脉

lice
n. (pl. of louse) small wingless insects that live on the skin and in the hair of people or animals 虱子

lubricate
v. make smooth and able to move or be moved easily, e.g. with oil 润滑,使润滑
e.g. The chain might need lubricating.

machinery
n. machines in general (总称)机器,机械
e.g. Machinery is being introduced to save labor36.

medieval
adj. connected with the Middle Ages (the period in history between about 1100 and 1500)中世纪的;中古的
e.g. He was giving us lectures on medieval German literature.

neutralize *
v. prevent from having any effect or to make a substance chemically neutral 使失效、抵消;使中和
e.g. I ) The incident seems likely to neutralize whatever goodwill67 has been generated.
II) I neutralized68 the acid in my stomach by taking an antacid (解酸药)

opponent
n. someone who is on the opposite side in a contest, fight, or argument 对手,敌手
e.g. He would avoid his opponent and not speak to him.

origin
n. a starting point 起源,开端
e.g. The reporter tracked down the origin of the rumor69 (谣言).

peasantry
n. all the peasants of a particular country 农民(总称)

pitchfork
n. a large tool shaped like a fork, used for moving hay, or other plant materials 干草叉,长柄草耙

prudent
adj. thinking carefully before taking actions; careful to avoid risks, unpleasantness, difficulties, etc. 慎重的,谨慎的
e.g. It would be prudent to think carefully before you make your decision.

rebellious*
adj. showing a desire to resist authority, control, or convention 反抗的,难控制的,叛逆的

reputation
n. the opinion that people have about someone or something 名誉,名声
e.g. She had a reputation as a very good writer.

scythe51
n. a farming tool that has a long curved blade fixed to a wooden handle, as is used to cut grain or long grass 大镰刀

server
n. something used in serving food, drink, etc., especially at a formal meal (特别是正餐时使用的)盘、盆等上菜、上饮料用的器具

stab
v. push a knife into someone or something 刺伤,戳伤
e.g. He was jailed for fifteen years for stabbing his wife.

steward
n. a person who arranges the supply and serving of food, wine, etc.服务员,招待员,膳务员

temper
n.
1) an angry, impatient, or bad state of mind 恶劣的心情,心绪焦躁
e.g. John's in a temper today, so try not to annoy him.
2) a person's present or habitual70 state of mind 性情,脾气
e.g. I hope he can control his temper because he is one of the most talented players in the country.

theory
n. an idea or set of ideas that is intended to explain something about life or the world, especially one that has not yet been proved true 理论

transaction
n. a business deal 事务,交易
e.g. My bank statement (银行对账单) shows all my transactions each month.

uncouth
adj. behaving and speaking in a way that is rude or socially unacceptable 无教养的,粗鲁的

visible
adj. able to be seen 明显的,看得见的
e.g. Employees must wear their badges (标记) , so they are visible.


Phrases and Expressions

descend53 on
develop suddenly and be felt throughout a place, or by a person or group of people 突然降临、笼罩
e.g. I) Silence descended on the room.
II) An uneasy calm descended on the area.

for the most part
in most cases, usually 多半,通常,在极大程度上
e.g. Professors, for the most part, are firmly committed to teaching, not research.


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1 wane bpRyR     
n.衰微,亏缺,变弱;v.变小,亏缺,呈下弦
参考例句:
  • The moon is on the wane.月亮渐亏。
  • Her enthusiasm for him was beginning to wane.她对他的热情在开始减退。
2 entirely entirely     
ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地
参考例句:
  • The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
  • His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。
3 reassure 9TgxW     
v.使放心,使消除疑虑
参考例句:
  • This seemed to reassure him and he continued more confidently.这似乎使他放心一点,于是他更有信心地继续说了下去。
  • The airline tried to reassure the customers that the planes were safe.航空公司尽力让乘客相信飞机是安全的。
4 tabulate EGzyx     
v.列表,排成表格式
参考例句:
  • It took me ten hours to tabulate the results.我花了十个小时把结果制成表格。
  • Let me tabulate the results as follows.让我将结果列表如下。
5 reciprocating 2c7af54cfa9659c75889d0467abecb1f     
adj.往复的;来回的;交替的;摆动的v.报答,酬答( reciprocate的现在分词 );(机器的部件)直线往复运动
参考例句:
  • Dynamic loading is produced by seismic forces, non-steady wind, blast, reciprocating machinery. 动荷载是由于地震力、不稳定的风、冲击波,往复式机器所产生。 来自辞典例句
  • The prime mover may be a gas reciprocating engine. 原动机可能是燃气往复式发动机。 来自辞典例句
6 initiate z6hxz     
vt.开始,创始,发动;启蒙,使入门;引入
参考例句:
  • A language teacher should initiate pupils into the elements of grammar.语言老师应该把基本语法教给学生。
  • They wanted to initiate a discussion on economics.他们想启动一次经济学讨论。
7 initiated 9cd5622f36ab9090359c3cf3ca4ddda3     
n. 创始人 adj. 新加入的 vt. 开始,创始,启蒙,介绍加入
参考例句:
  • He has not yet been thoroughly initiated into the mysteries of computers. 他对计算机的奥秘尚未入门。
  • The artist initiated the girl into the art world in France. 这个艺术家介绍这个女孩加入巴黎艺术界。
8 reciprocate ZA5zG     
v.往复运动;互换;回报,酬答
参考例句:
  • Although she did not reciprocate his feelings, she did not discourage him.尽管她没有回应他的感情,她也没有使他丧失信心。
  • Some day I will reciprocate your kindness to me.总有一天我会报答你对我的恩德。
9 entree r8TyW     
n.入场权,进入权
参考例句:
  • She made a graceful entree into the ballroom.她进入舞厅时显示非常优雅。
  • Her wealth and reputation gave her entree into upper-class circles.她的财富和声望使她得以进入上层社会。
10 liberated YpRzMi     
a.无拘束的,放纵的
参考例句:
  • The city was liberated by the advancing army. 军队向前挺进,解放了那座城市。
  • The heat brings about a chemical reaction, and oxygen is liberated. 热量引起化学反应,释放出氧气。
11 embarrassment fj9z8     
n.尴尬;使人为难的人(事物);障碍;窘迫
参考例句:
  • She could have died away with embarrassment.她窘迫得要死。
  • Coughing at a concert can be a real embarrassment.在音乐会上咳嗽真会使人难堪。
12 blessing UxDztJ     
n.祈神赐福;祷告;祝福,祝愿
参考例句:
  • The blessing was said in Hebrew.祷告用了希伯来语。
  • A double blessing has descended upon the house.双喜临门。
13 dummy Jrgx7     
n.假的东西;(哄婴儿的)橡皮奶头
参考例句:
  • The police suspect that the device is not a real bomb but a dummy.警方怀疑那个装置不是真炸弹,只是一个假货。
  • The boys played soldier with dummy swords made of wood.男孩们用木头做的假木剑玩打仗游戏。
14 etiquette Xiyz0     
n.礼仪,礼节;规矩
参考例句:
  • The rules of etiquette are not so strict nowadays.如今的礼仪规则已不那么严格了。
  • According to etiquette,you should stand up to meet a guest.按照礼节你应该站起来接待客人。
15 graceful deHza     
adj.优美的,优雅的;得体的
参考例句:
  • His movements on the parallel bars were very graceful.他的双杠动作可帅了!
  • The ballet dancer is so graceful.芭蕾舞演员的姿态是如此的优美。
16 innate xbxzC     
adj.天生的,固有的,天赋的
参考例句:
  • You obviously have an innate talent for music.你显然有天生的音乐才能。
  • Correct ideas are not innate in the mind.人的正确思想不是自己头脑中固有的。
17 possessed xuyyQ     
adj.疯狂的;拥有的,占有的
参考例句:
  • He flew out of the room like a man possessed.他像着了魔似地猛然冲出房门。
  • He behaved like someone possessed.他行为举止像是魔怔了。
18 lout 83eyW     
n.粗鄙的人;举止粗鲁的人
参考例句:
  • He's just an ill-bred lout.他是个缺乏教养的乡巴佬。
  • He had no training, no skills and he was just a big, bungling,useless lout!什么也不行,什么也不会,自己只是个傻大黑粗的废物!
19 lurk J8qz2     
n.潜伏,潜行;v.潜藏,潜伏,埋伏
参考例句:
  • Dangers lurk in the path of wilderness.在这条荒野的小路上隐伏着危险。
  • He thought he saw someone lurking above the chamber during the address.他觉得自己看见有人在演讲时潜藏在会议厅顶上。
20 lurking 332fb85b4d0f64d0e0d1ef0d34ebcbe7     
潜在
参考例句:
  • Why are you lurking around outside my house? 你在我房子外面鬼鬼祟祟的,想干什么?
  • There is a suspicious man lurking in the shadows. 有一可疑的人躲在阴暗中。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
21 steer 5u5w3     
vt.驾驶,为…操舵;引导;vi.驾驶
参考例句:
  • If you push the car, I'll steer it.如果你来推车,我就来驾车。
  • It's no use trying to steer the boy into a course of action that suits you.想说服这孩子按你的方式行事是徒劳的。
22 steered dee52ce2903883456c9b7a7f258660e5     
v.驾驶( steer的过去式和过去分词 );操纵;控制;引导
参考例句:
  • He steered the boat into the harbour. 他把船开进港。
  • The freighter steered out of Santiago Bay that evening. 那天晚上货轮驶出了圣地亚哥湾。 来自《简明英汉词典》
23 disastrous 2ujx0     
adj.灾难性的,造成灾害的;极坏的,很糟的
参考例句:
  • The heavy rainstorm caused a disastrous flood.暴雨成灾。
  • Her investment had disastrous consequences.She lost everything she owned.她的投资结果很惨,血本无归。
24 encyclopedia ZpgxD     
n.百科全书
参考例句:
  • The encyclopedia fell to the floor with a thud.那本百科全书砰的一声掉到地上。
  • Geoff is a walking encyclopedia.He knows about everything.杰夫是个活百科全书,他什么都懂。
25 physically iNix5     
adj.物质上,体格上,身体上,按自然规律
参考例句:
  • He was out of sorts physically,as well as disordered mentally.他浑身不舒服,心绪也很乱。
  • Every time I think about it I feel physically sick.一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。
26 unduly Mp4ya     
adv.过度地,不适当地
参考例句:
  • He did not sound unduly worried at the prospect.他的口气听上去对前景并不十分担忧。
  • He argued that the law was unduly restrictive.他辩称法律的约束性有些过分了。
27 disorders 6e49dcafe3638183c823d3aa5b12b010     
n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 );凌乱;骚乱;(身心、机能)失调
参考例句:
  • Reports of anorexia and other eating disorders are on the increase. 据报告,厌食症和其他饮食方面的功能紊乱发生率正在不断增长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The announcement led to violent civil disorders. 这项宣布引起剧烈的骚乱。 来自《简明英汉词典》
28 reassured ff7466d942d18e727fb4d5473e62a235     
adj.使消除疑虑的;使放心的v.再保证,恢复信心( reassure的过去式和过去分词)
参考例句:
  • The captain's confidence during the storm reassured the passengers. 在风暴中船长的信念使旅客们恢复了信心。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
  • The doctor reassured the old lady. 医生叫那位老妇人放心。 来自《简明英汉词典》
29 reciprocated 7ece80b4c4ef4a99f6ba196f80ae5fb4     
v.报答,酬答( reciprocate的过去式和过去分词 );(机器的部件)直线往复运动
参考例句:
  • Her passion for him was not reciprocated. 她对他的热情没有得到回应。
  • Their attraction to each other as friends is reciprocated. 作为朋友,他们相互吸引着对方。 来自辞典例句
30 fixed JsKzzj     
adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的
参考例句:
  • Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗?
  • Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定,我们就不应该随意改变。
31 attained 1f2c1bee274e81555decf78fe9b16b2f     
(通常经过努力)实现( attain的过去式和过去分词 ); 达到; 获得; 达到(某年龄、水平、状况)
参考例句:
  • She has attained the degree of Master of Arts. 她已获得文学硕士学位。
  • Lu Hsun attained a high position in the republic of letters. 鲁迅在文坛上获得崇高的地位。
32 uncouth DHryn     
adj.无教养的,粗鲁的
参考例句:
  • She may embarrass you with her uncouth behavior.她的粗野行为可能会让你尴尬。
  • His nephew is an uncouth young man.他的侄子是一个粗野的年轻人。
33 refinement kinyX     
n.文雅;高尚;精美;精制;精炼
参考例句:
  • Sally is a woman of great refinement and beauty. 莎莉是个温文尔雅又很漂亮的女士。
  • Good manners and correct speech are marks of refinement.彬彬有礼和谈吐得体是文雅的标志。
34 intercourse NbMzU     
n.性交;交流,交往,交际
参考例句:
  • The magazine becomes a cultural medium of intercourse between the two peoples.该杂志成为两民族间文化交流的媒介。
  • There was close intercourse between them.他们过往很密。
35 nostalgia p5Rzb     
n.怀乡病,留恋过去,怀旧
参考例句:
  • He might be influenced by nostalgia for his happy youth.也许是对年轻时幸福时光的怀恋影响了他。
  • I was filled with nostalgia by hearing my favourite old song.我听到这首喜爱的旧歌,心中充满了怀旧之情。
36 labor P9Tzs     
n.劳动,努力,工作,劳工;分娩;vi.劳动,努力,苦干;vt.详细分析;麻烦
参考例句:
  • We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
  • He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后,他已经疲惫不堪了。
37 unwilling CjpwB     
adj.不情愿的
参考例句:
  • The natives were unwilling to be bent by colonial power.土著居民不愿受殖民势力的摆布。
  • His tightfisted employer was unwilling to give him a raise.他那吝啬的雇主不肯给他加薪。
38 brutal bSFyb     
adj.残忍的,野蛮的,不讲理的
参考例句:
  • She has to face the brutal reality.她不得不去面对冷酷的现实。
  • They're brutal people behind their civilised veneer.他们表面上温文有礼,骨子里却是野蛮残忍。
39 duel 2rmxa     
n./v.决斗;(双方的)斗争
参考例句:
  • The two teams are locked in a duel for first place.两个队为争夺第一名打得难解难分。
  • Duroy was forced to challenge his disparager to duel.杜洛瓦不得不向诋毁他的人提出决斗。
40 dueling dueling     
n. 决斗, 抗争(=duelling) 动词duel的现在分词形式
参考例句:
  • More light-hearted But somewhat puzzled, Vladimir prepared to meet Eugene on the dueling ground. 弗拉基米尔心里轻松了一些,但仍感到有些困惑,在这种心情下,他准备去决斗场地迎战叶甫盖尼。 来自英汉 - 翻译样例 - 文学
  • They had been dueling for hours and finally called a draw. 他们一直决斗了数小时,最后打成平局。
41 perfectly 8Mzxb     
adv.完美地,无可非议地,彻底地
参考例句:
  • The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said.证人们个个对自己所说的话十分肯定。
  • Everything that we're doing is all perfectly above board.我们做的每件事情都是光明正大的。
42 symbolic ErgwS     
adj.象征性的,符号的,象征主义的
参考例句:
  • It is symbolic of the fighting spirit of modern womanhood.它象征着现代妇女的战斗精神。
  • The Christian ceremony of baptism is a symbolic act.基督教的洗礼仪式是一种象征性的做法。
43 derive hmLzH     
v.取得;导出;引申;来自;源自;出自
参考例句:
  • We derive our sustenance from the land.我们从土地获取食物。
  • We shall derive much benefit from reading good novels.我们将从优秀小说中获得很大好处。
44 demonstration 9waxo     
n.表明,示范,论证,示威
参考例句:
  • His new book is a demonstration of his patriotism.他写的新书是他的爱国精神的证明。
  • He gave a demonstration of the new technique then and there.他当场表演了这种新的操作方法。
45 converse 7ZwyI     
vi.谈话,谈天,闲聊;adv.相反的,相反
参考例句:
  • He can converse in three languages.他可以用3种语言谈话。
  • I wanted to appear friendly and approachable but I think I gave the converse impression.我想显得友好、平易近人些,却发觉给人的印象恰恰相反。
46 immediate aapxh     
adj.立即的;直接的,最接近的;紧靠的
参考例句:
  • His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
  • We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。
47 prudent M0Yzg     
adj.谨慎的,有远见的,精打细算的
参考例句:
  • A prudent traveller never disparages his own country.聪明的旅行者从不贬低自己的国家。
  • You must school yourself to be modest and prudent.你要学会谦虚谨慎。
48 steward uUtzw     
n.乘务员,服务员;看管人;膳食管理员
参考例句:
  • He's the steward of the club.他是这家俱乐部的管理员。
  • He went around the world as a ship's steward.他当客船服务员,到过世界各地。
49 neutralize g5hzm     
v.使失效、抵消,使中和
参考例句:
  • Nothing could neutralize its good effects.没有什么能抵消它所产生的好影响。
  • Acids neutralize alkalis and vice versa.酸能使碱中和碱,亦能使酸中和。
50 rebellious CtbyI     
adj.造反的,反抗的,难控制的
参考例句:
  • They will be in danger if they are rebellious.如果他们造反,他们就要发生危险。
  • Her reply was mild enough,but her thoughts were rebellious.她的回答虽然很温和,但她的心里十分反感。
51 scythe GDez1     
n. 长柄的大镰刀,战车镰; v. 以大镰刀割
参考例句:
  • He's cutting grass with a scythe.他正在用一把大镰刀割草。
  • Two men were attempting to scythe the long grass.两个人正试图割掉疯长的草。
52 scythes e06a16fe7c0c267adff5744def4ffcfa     
n.(长柄)大镰刀( scythe的名词复数 )v.(长柄)大镰刀( scythe的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • Scythes swished to and fro. 长柄大镰刀嗖嗖地来回挥动。 来自辞典例句
  • I'll tell you what: go to the forge now and get some more scythes. 我告诉你怎么做:你现在就去铁匠店多买几把镰刀回来。 来自互联网
53 descend descend     
vt./vi.传下来,下来,下降
参考例句:
  • I hope the grace of God would descend on me.我期望上帝的恩惠。
  • We're not going to descend to such methods.我们不会沦落到使用这种手段。
54 descended guQzoy     
a.为...后裔的,出身于...的
参考例句:
  • A mood of melancholy descended on us. 一种悲伤的情绪袭上我们的心头。
  • The path descended the hill in a series of zigzags. 小路呈连续的之字形顺着山坡蜿蜒而下。
55 machinery CAdxb     
n.(总称)机械,机器;机构
参考例句:
  • Has the machinery been put up ready for the broadcast?广播器材安装完毕了吗?
  • Machinery ought to be well maintained all the time.机器应该随时注意维护。
56 negotiations af4b5f3e98e178dd3c4bac64b625ecd0     
协商( negotiation的名词复数 ); 谈判; 完成(难事); 通过
参考例句:
  • negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
  • Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。
57 diplomat Pu0xk     
n.外交官,外交家;能交际的人,圆滑的人
参考例句:
  • The diplomat threw in a joke, and the tension was instantly relieved.那位外交官插进一个笑话,紧张的气氛顿时缓和下来。
  • He served as a diplomat in Russia before the war.战前他在俄罗斯当外交官。
58 diplomats ccde388e31f0f3bd6f4704d76a1c3319     
n.外交官( diplomat的名词复数 );有手腕的人,善于交际的人
参考例句:
  • These events led to the expulsion of senior diplomats from the country. 这些事件导致一些高级外交官被驱逐出境。
  • The court has no jurisdiction over foreign diplomats living in this country. 法院对驻本国的外交官无裁判权。 来自《简明英汉词典》
59 exquisitely Btwz1r     
adv.精致地;强烈地;剧烈地;异常地
参考例句:
  • He found her exquisitely beautiful. 他觉得她异常美丽。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He wore an exquisitely tailored gray silk and accessories to match. 他穿的是做工非常考究的灰色绸缎衣服,还有各种配得很协调的装饰。 来自教父部分
60 courteous tooz2     
adj.彬彬有礼的,客气的
参考例句:
  • Although she often disagreed with me,she was always courteous.尽管她常常和我意见不一,但她总是很谦恭有礼。
  • He was a kind and courteous man.他为人友善,而且彬彬有礼。
61 jugular oaLzM     
n.颈静脉
参考例句:
  • He always goes for the jugular.他总是直奔要害而去。
  • Bilateral internal jugular vein stenting is also a rare procedure.两侧内颈静脉支架置放术也是少见的技术。
62 confrontation xYHy7     
n.对抗,对峙,冲突
参考例句:
  • We can't risk another confrontation with the union.我们不能冒再次同工会对抗的危险。
  • After years of confrontation,they finally have achieved a modus vivendi.在对抗很长时间后,他们最后达成安宁生存的非正式协议。
63 diplomacy gu9xk     
n.外交;外交手腕,交际手腕
参考例句:
  • The talks have now gone into a stage of quiet diplomacy.会谈现在已经进入了“温和外交”阶段。
  • This was done through the skill in diplomacy. 这是通过外交手腕才做到的。
64 imperative BcdzC     
n.命令,需要;规则;祈使语气;adj.强制的;紧急的
参考例句:
  • He always speaks in an imperative tone of voice.他老是用命令的口吻讲话。
  • The events of the past few days make it imperative for her to act.过去这几天发生的事迫使她不得不立即行动。
65 infinitive EqJz2f     
n.不定词;adj.不定词的
参考例句:
  • The use of the split infinitive is now generally acceptable.分裂不定式的用法现在已被广泛接受。
  • Modal verbs generally take the bare infinitive.情态动词通常用不带to的不定式。
66 vein fi9w0     
n.血管,静脉;叶脉,纹理;情绪;vt.使成脉络
参考例句:
  • The girl is not in the vein for singing today.那女孩今天没有心情唱歌。
  • The doctor injects glucose into the patient's vein.医生把葡萄糖注射入病人的静脉。
67 goodwill 4fuxm     
n.善意,亲善,信誉,声誉
参考例句:
  • His heart is full of goodwill to all men.他心里对所有人都充满着爱心。
  • We paid £10,000 for the shop,and £2000 for its goodwill.我们用一万英镑买下了这家商店,两千英镑买下了它的信誉。
68 neutralized 1a5fffafcb07c2b07bc729a2ae12f06b     
v.使失效( neutralize的过去式和过去分词 );抵消;中和;使(一个国家)中立化
参考例句:
  • Acidity in soil can be neutralized by spreading lime on it. 土壤的酸性可以通过在它上面撒石灰来中和。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This strategy effectively neutralized what the Conservatives had hoped would be a vote-winner. 这一策略有效地冲淡了保守党希望在选举中获胜的心态。 来自《简明英汉词典》
69 rumor qS0zZ     
n.谣言,谣传,传说
参考例句:
  • The rumor has been traced back to a bad man.那谣言经追查是个坏人造的。
  • The rumor has taken air.谣言流传开了。
70 habitual x5Pyp     
adj.习惯性的;通常的,惯常的
参考例句:
  • He is a habitual criminal.他是一个惯犯。
  • They are habitual visitors to our house.他们是我家的常客。
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