‘Letters From Iwo Jima’

　　Amber¹:  Hello, I'm Amber, and you're listening to bbclearningenglish.com.

　　In Entertainment today, we listen to an interview with the legendary² American

　　actor and director, Clint Eastwood.

　　He talks about his new film, 'Letters From Iwo Jima'. Clint Eastwood was

　　nominated for a Best Director Oscar for the film, which tells the story of the

　　battle for control of the Japanese island during World War II.

　　It's the second of two films Eastwood's directed about the battle of Iwo Jima.

　　The first, 'Flags of our Fathers', looked at events through the eyes of US

　　soldiers, while 'Letters From Iwo Jima' shows the reverse side. It shows events

　　from the perspective of Japanese soldiers, and is filmed in Japanese.

　　It shows how Japanese soldiers tried unsuccessfully to defend the island from

　　American troops. Sacks of letters, written by the Japanese soldiers, were found

　　decades later, buried in caves where they died. The letters were the inspiration,

　　the idea or stimulus³, for Clint Eastwood's film.

　　Here is Clint Eastwood talking about why he's made two films on the same

　　subject. He says he's interested in the personal stories of the people who were

　　sent off to fight. The films 'personalise' the historical story – they focus on the

　　human details and feelings.

　　As you listen, try to catch the two words Clint Eastwood uses to describe the

　　way in which stories of war always end.

　　Clint Eastwood

　　'What I tried to do with these particular films is just personalise it and tell stories about the

　　people other than the war itself. The frustrations⁴ of war are obvious, you know, people being

　　taken away from their families and sent off to fight for causes they're either in sympathy with

　　or they have little knowledge of, but they're still sent to fight regardless, and it's fun to delve⁵

　　into that because it eventually winds up with the same thing – it's going to be the tragedy and

　　the futility⁶ of it all. '

　　Amber:  Did you catch them? Clint Eastwood says that he finds it 'fun' to delve into, to

　　explore, the situations of the soldiers sent to fight because the terrible truth is

　　that war 'winds up', or ends, with 'the same thing' – 'tragedy' and 'futility'.

　　Tragedy is a disastrous⁷ event. Futility is uselessness or pointlessness or

　　senselessness.

　　Listen again.

　　Clint Eastwood

　　'What I tried to do with these particular films is just personalise it and tell stories about the

　　people other than the war itself. The frustrations of war are obvious, you know, people being

　　taken away from their families and sent off to fight for causes they're either in sympathy with

　　or they have little knowledge of, but they're still sent to fight regardless, and it's fun to delve

　　into that because it eventually winds up with the same thing – it's going to be the tragedy and

　　the futility of it all. '

　　Amber:  Next, Clint Eastwood talks about whether he found it difficult to understand

　　the point of view of the Japanese soldiers.

　　As you listen, try to catch what says the 'good guys' wear to mark them out in

　　a propaganda film – a propaganda film is made to spread a particular view of

　　events – and what the bad guys would wear in such a film.

　　Clint Eastwood

　　'It wasn't difficult - it's a question of just curiosity. If you're curious about how people feel in other societies, in other cultures, then you can be curious about it – and you'll be interested in

　　exploring it. But if you're not curious about it, if you just think of it in terms of World War II movies where it was a propaganda thing – where there's the good guys with the white hat, and

　　the black hat guys on the other side, then, if you keep it that simple, then you're not curious

　　about it, then you don't give a damn. But I – at this point in life – it seemed like it was

　　interesting to explore the feelings of other people.'

　　Amber:  So Clint Eastwood jokes that in propaganda movies the good guys wear white

　　and the bad guys wear black – just to indicate who is who. He explains he is

　　driven by 'curiosity', by a desire to know. He says the opposite of being

　　curious, is not giving a damn – a very informal expression meaning you don't

　　care at all.

　　Listen again.

　　Clint Eastwood

　　'It wasn't difficult - it's a question of just curiosity. If you're curious about how people feel in

　　other societies, in other cultures, then you can be curious about it – and you'll be interested in

　　exploring it. But if you're not curious about it, if you just think of it in terms of World War II

　　movies where it was a propaganda thing – where there's the good guys with the white hat, and

　　the black hat guys on the other side, then, if you keep it that simple, then you're not curious

　　about it, then you don't give a damn. But I – at this point in life – it seemed like it was

　　interesting to explore the feelings of other people.'

　　Amber:  Now here's a list of the language we focussed on in the programme today.

　　to personalise

　　to delve into something

　　tragedy

　　futility

　　curiosity

1 amber   

n.琥珀；琥珀色；adj.琥珀制的

参考例句：

• Would you like an amber necklace for your birthday?你过生日想要一条琥珀项链吗？
• This is a piece of little amber stones.这是一块小小的琥珀化石。

2 legendary   

adj.传奇（中）的，闻名遐迩的；n.传奇（文学）

参考例句：

• Legendary stories are passed down from parents to children.传奇故事是由父母传给孩子们的。
• Odysseus was a legendary Greek hero.奥狄修斯是传说中的希腊英雄。

3 stimulus   

n.刺激，刺激物，促进因素，引起兴奋的事物

参考例句：

• Regard each failure as a stimulus to further efforts.把每次失利看成对进一步努力的激励。
• Light is a stimulus to growth in plants.光是促进植物生长的一个因素。

4 frustrations   

挫折( frustration的名词复数 )； 失败； 挫败； 失意

参考例句：

• The temptation would grow to take out our frustrations on Saigon. 由于我们遭到挫折而要同西贡算帐的引诱力会增加。
• Aspirations will be raised, but so will frustrations. 人们会产生种种憧憬，但是种种挫折也会随之而来。

5 delve   

v.深入探究，钻研

参考例句：

• We should not delve too deeply into this painful matter.我们不应该过分深究这件痛苦的事。
• We need to delve more deeply into these questions.这些是我们想进一步了解的。

6 futility   

n.无用

参考例句：

• She could see the utter futility of trying to protest. 她明白抗议是完全无用的。
• The sheer futility of it all exasperates her. 它毫无用处，这让她很生气。

7 disastrous   

adj.灾难性的，造成灾害的；极坏的，很糟的

参考例句：

• The heavy rainstorm caused a disastrous flood.暴雨成灾。
• Her investment had disastrous consequences.She lost everything she owned.她的投资结果很惨，血本无归。