2023年经济学人 加蓬发生政变--法国在非洲失势

加蓬发生政变--法国在非洲失势

    The world this week--Politics

    本周国际要闻--政治

    Soldiers in Gabon seized power days after a presidential election returned the incumbent¹, Ali Bongo, to office in a ballot² that was widely deemed fraudulent as usual.

    在士兵夺取政权的几天前，一次总统大选让加蓬现任总统阿里·邦戈重新掌权，人们认为这次投票仍像往常一样存在舞弊行为。

    Mr Bongo’s father had ruled from 1967 until his death in 2009, when his son inherited the post.

    邦戈的父亲从1967年开始，直到2009年去世一直统治着加蓬，2009年，儿子邦戈又继承了他的这个职位。

    It is the eighth coup³ in west and central Africa since 2020, following one in Niger in July.

    继7月份尼日尔发生过一次政变后，这是自2020年以来西非和中非发生的第八次政变。

    Others include Burkina Faso, Chad, Guinea and Mali.

    其他发生过政变的国家包括布基纳法索、乍得、几内亚和马里。

    France is watching nervously⁴, since it has a military base in Libreville, Gabon’s capital, and has seen coup-led regimes expel its forces from Burkina Faso and Mali.

    法国正紧张地观察着局势，因为法国在加蓬首都利伯维尔有一处军事基地，而且法国曾目睹过政变领导的政权将其军队驱逐出布基纳法索和马里。

    Security across much of Mali continued to deteriorate⁵, as 13,000 UN peacekeepers and police continued to be drawn⁶ down; the ruling junta⁷ has ordered them all out by the end of the year.

    随着1.3万名联合国维和人员和警察继续撤离，马里大部分地区的安全局势继续恶化；执政的军政府命令他们在年底前全部撤离。

    Following the death of Yevgeny Prigozhin, head of the Wagner mercenary group, which has been active in Mali, Russia pledged to keep giving “comprehensive assistance” to the country.

    在曾活跃于马里的瓦格纳雇佣军集团负责人叶夫根尼·普里戈任去世后，俄罗斯承诺将继续向马里提供“全面援助”。

    The historic Malian city of Timbuktu, facing a blockade by jihadists, was short of food.

    马里历史悠久的城市通布图面临圣战分子的封锁，食物短缺。

    Zimbabwe’s electoral commission declared the incumbent president, Emmerson Mnangagwa, who overthrew⁸ Robert Mugabe in a coup in 2017, to have won re-election.

    津巴布韦选举委员会宣布，在2017年政变中推翻罗伯特·穆加贝的现任总统埃默森·姆南加格瓦赢得连任。

    The commission said Mr Mnangagwa defeated Nelson Chamisa, the main challenger, by 53% to 44%.

    选举委员会表示，姆南加格瓦以53%对44%的支持率击败了主要挑战者纳尔逊·查米萨。

    Independent observers, supported by the Southern African Development Community, a regional club which had previously⁹ whitewashed¹⁰ elections in Zimbabwe, castigated¹¹ the conduct of the poll.

    由南部非洲发展共同体支持的独立观察员谴责了这次投票行为。南部非洲发展共同体是一个地区性俱乐部，此前曾粉饰过津巴布韦的选举。

    Libya’s internationally recognised government based in Tripoli sacked its foreign minister, after protests erupted in several cities when it was revealed that she had held clandestine¹² talks in Italy with her Israeli counterpart, presumably to discuss opening diplomatic relations.

    利比亚外交部长在意大利与以色列外长举行秘密会谈(可能是讨论建立外交关系)的消息被披露后，几个城市爆发了抗议活动，总部设在的黎波里的利比亚国际公认政府解雇了她。

    At least 73 people died when a fire broke out in a building that was being used by squatters in central Johannesburg, South Africa’s commercial capital.

    在南非商业之都约翰内斯堡市中心，一栋被非法占用的建筑发生火灾，造成至少73人死亡。

    It is thought that most of the dead were migrants.

    据说，大多数死者都是移民。

    Ukraine stepped up its drone attacks on Russia, hitting six regions in just one night.

    乌克兰加强了对俄罗斯的无人机袭击，仅一晚就袭击了六个地区。

    Russia conducted its most intense bombardment of Kyiv for several months, firing missiles and drones to terrorise the city’s residents.

    俄罗斯对基辅进行了几个月来最猛烈的轰炸，发射导弹和无人机对基辅居民进行恐吓。

    Meanwhile the Ukrainian army said it had recaptured the village of Robotyne in the south-east of the country.

    与此同时，乌克兰军方表示，他们已经夺回了该国东南部的洛博蒂涅(Robotyne)村。

    Russia said it had beaten back the assault.

    俄罗斯表示已经击退了此次袭击。

1 incumbent   

adj.成为责任的，有义务的；现任的，在职的

参考例句：

• He defeated the incumbent governor by a large plurality.他以压倒多数票击败了现任州长。
• It is incumbent upon you to warn them.你有责任警告他们。

2 ballot   

n.（不记名）投票，投票总数，投票权；vi.投票

参考例句：

• The members have demanded a ballot.会员们要求投票表决。
• The union said they will ballot members on whether to strike.工会称他们将要求会员投票表决是否罢工。

3 coup   

n.政变；突然而成功的行动

参考例句：

• The monarch was ousted by a military coup.那君主被军事政变者废黜了。
• That government was overthrown in a military coup three years ago.那个政府在3年前的军事政变中被推翻。

4 nervously   

adv.神情激动地，不安地

参考例句：

• He bit his lip nervously,trying not to cry.他紧张地咬着唇，努力忍着不哭出来。
• He paced nervously up and down on the platform.他在站台上情绪不安地走来走去。

5 deteriorate   

v.变坏；恶化；退化

参考例句：

• Do you think relations between China and Japan will continue to deteriorate?你认为中日关系会继续恶化吗？
• He held that this would only cause the situation to deteriorate further.他认为，这只会使局势更加恶化。

6 drawn   

v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的

参考例句：

• All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
• Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。

7 junta   

n.团体；政务审议会

参考例句：

• The junta reacted violently to the perceived threat to its authority.军政府感到自身权力受威胁而进行了激烈反击。
• A military junta took control of the country.一个军政权控制了国家。

8 overthrew   

overthrow的过去式

参考例句：

• The people finally rose up and overthrew the reactionary regime. 人们终于起来把反动的政权推翻了。
• They overthrew their King. 他们推翻了国王。

9 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

10 whitewashed   

粉饰，美化，掩饰( whitewash的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The wall had been whitewashed. 墙已粉过。
• The towers are in the shape of bottle gourds and whitewashed. 塔呈圆形，状近葫芦，外敷白色。 来自汉英文学 - 现代散文

11 castigated   

v.严厉责骂、批评或惩罚（某人）( castigate的过去式 )

参考例句：

• He castigated himself for being so stupid. 他责怪自己太笨。
• He castigated the secretaries for their sloppy job of filing. 由于秘书们档案工作搞得马虎草率，他严厉地斥责了他们。 来自《简明英汉词典》

12 clandestine   

adj.秘密的，暗中从事的

参考例句：

• She is the director of clandestine operations of the CIA.她是中央情报局秘密行动的负责人。
• The early Christians held clandestine meetings in caves.早期的基督徒在洞穴中秘密聚会。