2023年经济学人 大麻给医生造成的困扰（2）

 

 

    That spike¹ is at least partly driven by the change in laws:

    这种激增至少部分是由法律的变化推动的:

    a study of twins living in different states found that legalisation led to a 20% uptick in use.

    一项对生活在不同州的双胞胎的研究发现，大麻合法化导致使用的人数上升了20%。

    Meanwhile federal regulation remains² tight, making marijuana hard to study.

    与此同时，联邦监管仍然严格，使得大麻研究变得困难。

    The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 classified weed as a Schedule One drug, just like heroin³.

    1970年的《管制物质法案》将大麻列为一级毒品，就像海洛因一样。

    Back then it was deemed to have a “high potential for abuse” and no established medical use.

    当时，它被认为有“很高的滥用潜力”，而且没有确定的医疗用途。

    Studies from around the world have since shown that marijuana can relieve chronic⁴ pain,来自世界各地的研究表明，大麻可以缓解慢性疼痛，dull chemotherapy-induced nausea⁵ and help treat epilepsy.

    化疗引起的恶心，并有助于治疗癫痫。

    Even though in 2019 the World Health Organisation⁶ recommended rejigging the categorisation,尽管世界卫生组织在2019年建议重新分类，

    in America this has not been done.

    美国却并没有这样做。

    That makes it tricky⁷ to conduct clinical trials.

    这使得进行临床试验变得非常棘手。

    Labs must be fitted out with elaborate safety equipment实验室必须配备精密的安全设备，

    for the Drug Enforcement Administration to give its stamp of approval and funding is scarce.

    以获得美国缉毒局的批准，但是资金稀缺。

    As more and more Americans light up joints⁸, other grim side-effects could be lurking⁹.

    随着越来越多的美国人吸食大麻，其他可怕的副作用可能暗藏其中。

    To clinicians, the downsides for surgery are clear enough to justify¹⁰ changing medical protocols—对于临床医生来说，手术的缺点足以证明改变医疗方案的合理性——even before more studies come in.

    甚至在相关研究出现之前。

    In January the American Society of Regional Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine今年1月，美国区域麻醉和疼痛医学协会

    released guidelines on how to screen patients for marijuana use before surgery.

    发布了关于如何在手术前筛查患者是否使用大麻的指导方针。

    Pregnant women should be discouraged from smoking weed, the organisation said,该组织表示，禁止孕妇吸食大麻，

    and non-emergency surgeries should be postponed¹¹ by at least two hours if the patient comes in blitzed.

    如果病人在兴奋期，非紧急手术应推迟至少两个小时。

    A slew¹² of other new reports warn anaesthesiologists of the mounting risks.

    大量其他新报告给麻醉师带来更多风险警告。

    The common perception that marijuana eases nerves works against doctors.

    人们普遍认为大麻可以缓解神经紧张，但这对医生来说是不利的。

    Some people seem to be getting stoned before they arrive at the hospital为了缓解自己的紧张，

    in order to calm themselves down.

    有些人似乎在到达医院之前就开始嗑药了。

    New users may be particularly likely to smoke for such a purpose.

    新用户更有可能为了这样的目的而嗑药。

    For a better experience, patients should forgo¹³ the parking-lot hit.

    为了获得更好的手术体验，病人们不应该在停车场就嗑药。

    Economist¹⁴ readers will now know better.

    《经济学人》的读者现在能了解更多了。

1 spike   

n.长钉，钉鞋；v.以大钉钉牢，使...失效

参考例句：

• The spike pierced the receipts and held them in order.那个钉子穿过那些收据并使之按顺序排列。
• They'll do anything to spike the guns of the opposition.他们会使出各种手段来挫败对手。

2 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

3 heroin   

n.海洛因

参考例句：

• Customs have made their biggest ever seizure of heroin.海关查获了有史以来最大的一批海洛因。
• Heroin has been smuggled out by sea.海洛因已从海上偷运出境。

4 chronic   

adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的

参考例句：

• Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
• Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。

5 nausea   

n.作呕，恶心；极端的憎恶(或厌恶)

参考例句：

• Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕期常有恶心的现象。
• He experienced nausea after eating octopus.吃了章鱼后他感到恶心。

6 organisation   

n.组织，安排，团体，有机休

参考例句：

• The method of his organisation work is worth commending.他的组织工作的方法值得称道。
• His application for membership of the organisation was rejected.他想要加入该组织的申请遭到了拒绝。

7 tricky   

adj.狡猾的，奸诈的；(工作等)棘手的，微妙的

参考例句：

• I'm in a rather tricky position.Can you help me out?我的处境很棘手，你能帮我吗？
• He avoided this tricky question and talked in generalities.他回避了这个非常微妙的问题，只做了个笼统的表述。

8 joints   

接头( joint的名词复数 )； 关节； 公共场所（尤指价格低廉的饮食和娱乐场所） （非正式）； 一块烤肉 （英式英语）

参考例句：

• Expansion joints of various kinds are fitted on gas mains. 各种各样的伸缩接头被安装在煤气的总管道上了。
• Expansion joints of various kinds are fitted on steam pipes. 各种各样的伸缩接头被安装在蒸气管道上了。

9 lurking   

潜在

参考例句：

• Why are you lurking around outside my house? 你在我房子外面鬼鬼祟祟的，想干什么？
• There is a suspicious man lurking in the shadows. 有一可疑的人躲在阴暗中。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

10 justify   

vt.证明…正当(或有理)，为…辩护

参考例句：

• He tried to justify his absence with lame excuses.他想用站不住脚的借口为自己的缺席辩解。
• Can you justify your rude behavior to me?你能向我证明你的粗野行为是有道理的吗？

11 postponed   

vt.& vi.延期，缓办，（使）延迟vt.把…放在次要地位；[语]把…放在后面（或句尾）vi.（疟疾等）延缓发作（或复发）

参考例句：

• The trial was postponed indefinitely. 审讯无限期延迟。
• The game has already been postponed three times. 这场比赛已经三度延期了。

12 slew   

v.（使）旋转；n.大量，许多

参考例句：

• He slewed the car against the side of the building.他的车滑到了大楼的一侧，抵住了。
• They dealt with a slew of other issues.他们处理了大量的其他问题。

13 forgo   

v.放弃，抛弃

参考例句：

• Time to prepare was a luxuary he would have to forgo.因为时间不够，他不得不放弃做准备工作。
• She would willingly forgo a birthday treat if only her warring parents would declare a truce.只要她的父母停止争吵，她愿意放弃生日宴请。

14 economist   

n.经济学家，经济专家，节俭的人

参考例句：

• He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
• He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家，自以为什么都懂。