纪录片《大英博物馆世界简史》 010绳纹陶钵（2）

It's pretty underwhelming to look at-in fact it's quite dull.

其实它本身令人印象相当之深刻。

It's made of brown-grey clay, a simple round pot about the size of the bucket that children play with on the beach,

虽然它颜色其实很暗淡，原料是棕灰色的粘土，简简单单的圆型深钵，大小就像孩子们用在沙滩上玩耍的那种小塑料桶一样，

about six inches high, six inches across at the top, and its got it's got straight sides and a flat base, and it was made about seven thousand years ago in Japan.

大概六英寸高，上边端口直径也差不多六英寸，两侧是笔直的直线，还有一个平底。它大概是制造于七千年前的日本。

When you look more closely, you can see that it was built up with coils of clay and then, into the outside,

当你再仔细一点观察，你就可以发现它其实是用一圈圈的粘土圈先绕成型的，然后外边压上绳索般的花纹。

fibres have been pressed, so that when you hold it, you feel as though you are actually holding a basket. It looks and feels like a basket in clay.

当你拿起它的时候，就感觉像是在举着一个篮子。其实它看起来就像一个粘土制成的篮子。

The basket-like markings on this and other Japanese pots of the same time, are in a cord pattern and that's in fact what their name is in Japanese.

这种仿照竹篮纹理的花纹，在这件陶器及其同时期日本陶罐上都可以找到，被人们称之为绳纹，事实上它们的命名在日文里就是这意思。

They are Jomon-or 'cord-pattern' pots.

它们就是绳纹陶器。

And the word Jomon has come to be used not just for the objects, but for the people that made them, and even the whole historic period in which they were lived.

现在绳纹一词，已经不仅仅是这些物品的名称，那时代的人类，及他们生活的整个历史时期都被称之为绳纹。

It was the Jomon people living in what is now northern Japan, who created the world's first pots.

正是这些生活在如今日本北部的绳纹人制造了世界上的首件陶器。

Simon Kaner, of the University of East Anglia, is a specialist in ancient Japanese culture:

东英吉利大学的西蒙?康尔是古日本文化的专家，他说道：

In Europe we've always assumed that people who've made pottery¹ were farmers,

在欧洲，我们一向认为制作陶器的古人类肯定是农耕人类，

and that it was only through farming that people were able to stay in one place,

因为只有依靠农业，人类才能定居下来，他们可以长年停留在同一地方，

because they'd be able to build up a surplus that they could then subsist² on through the winter months,

渐渐积蓄起余粮，培养起一种可持续的生活方式，

and it was only if you were going to stay in one place all the year round, that you'd be making pottery,

能保证他们顺利渡过寒冬里那几个月。而且只有长年居住在同一地方，才有制作陶器的必要，

because it's an awkward thing to carry around with you.

要不然如果你得东奔西跑，这种东西搬来搬去可真是不方便。

The Japanese example is really interesting, because what we have here is pottery being made by people who were not farmers,

日本这例子真是相当有趣。因为这些陶器不是农民做出来的。

and it's one of the best examples that we've got from anywhere in the world really-from pre-history,

这绝对是我们在全世界范围内收集到的关于史前文化的最好例子。

of people who subsisted³ on fishing, gathering⁴ nuts and other wild resources, and hunting wild animals-that they also had a need for cooking pots.

这些人类捕鱼、采集坚果及其他野生植物，同时也狩猎野生动物，同时他们也需要煮东西的盆钵锅罐。

1 pottery   

n.陶器，陶器场

参考例句：

• My sister likes to learn art pottery in her spare time.我妹妹喜欢在空余时间学习陶艺。
• The pottery was left to bake in the hot sun.陶器放在外面让炎热的太阳烘晒焙干。

2 subsist   

vi.生存，存在，供养

参考例句：

• We are unable to subsist without air and water.没有空气和水我们就活不下去。
• He could subsist on bark and grass roots in the isolated island.在荒岛上他只能靠树皮和草根维持生命。

3 subsisted   

v.（靠很少的钱或食物）维持生活，生存下去( subsist的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Before liberation he subsisted on wild potatoes. 解放前他靠吃野薯度日。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Survivors of the air crash subsisted on wild fruits. 空难事件的幸存者以野果维持生命。 来自辞典例句

4 gathering   

n.集会，聚会，聚集

参考例句：

• He called on Mr. White to speak at the gathering.他请怀特先生在集会上讲话。
• He is on the wing gathering material for his novels.他正忙于为他的小说收集资料。