历届美国总统简介：格罗弗·克利夫兰

格罗弗·克利夫兰(Stephen Grover Cleveland，1837年-1908年)，美国政治家，第22和24任美国总统，是唯一分开任两届的总统，也是内战后第一个当选总统的民主党人。在他任期内，自由女神像在纽约市竖立，任期内面临着机构改革、关税纷争、工人罢工等难题。他推行了文官制度改革，免去了近10万共和党人的官职并换上了民主党人；他勒令铁路公司退出了近8千英亩非法占用的土地；他力图维持和制订有利于民主党利益的低关税政策。在后世看来，他是最好的无名总统。同时，他也是第一位接受当时的中国政府首脑（李鸿章）访美并与之会晤的美国总统。

Stephen Grover Cleveland was born in 1837 and died aged¹ 71 in 1908. He was the 22nd and 24th president of the United States, being the only president to leave the White House (in 1889) and return for a second term four years later (in 1893). He was also the first Democrat² elected after the Civil War. Cleveland was one of nine children. He was raised in upstate New York and qualified³ as a lawyer in 1859.

 

At 44, his political career took off. Running as a reformer, he was elected Mayor of Buffalo⁴ in 1881, and later, Governor of New York. Cleveland won the Presidency⁵ with the combined support of Democrats⁶ and reform-minded Republicans. It was a hotly-contested race, with Cleveland winning by one-quarter of a percent of the popular vote. The electoral votes gave Cleveland a majority of 219–182.

 

In June 1886, Cleveland got married - the only President to do so while in the White House. Cleveland vigorously pursued a policy barring favors to any economic group. He also vetoed many private pension bills to Civil War veterans whose claims were fraudulent. He angered the railroads by ordering an investigation⁷ of western lands they held by Government and forced them to return 81,000,000 acres.

 

Cleveland was elected as President again in 1892. This time round he faced an acute economic depression. He dealt directly with the Treasury⁸ crisis rather than business failures, farm mortgage foreclosures, and unemployment. With the help of Wall Street, he maintained the Treasury's gold reserve. His policies during the depression were unpopular and his party deserted⁹ him.

 

1 aged   

adj.年老的，陈年的

参考例句：

• He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
• He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。

2 democrat   

n.民主主义者，民主人士；民主党党员

参考例句：

• The Democrat and the Public criticized each other.民主党人和共和党人互相攻击。
• About two years later,he was defeated by Democrat Jimmy Carter.大约两年后，他被民主党人杰米卡特击败。

3 qualified   

adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的

参考例句：

• He is qualified as a complete man of letters.他有资格当真正的文学家。
• We must note that we still lack qualified specialists.我们必须看到我们还缺乏有资质的专家。

4 buffalo   

n.(北美)野牛；(亚洲)水牛

参考例句：

• Asian buffalo isn't as wild as that of America's. 亚洲水牛比美洲水牛温顺些。
• The boots are made of buffalo hide. 这双靴子是由水牛皮制成的。

5 presidency   

n.总统(校长，总经理)的职位(任期)

参考例句：

• Roosevelt was elected four times to the presidency of the United States.罗斯福连续当选四届美国总统。
• Two candidates are emerging as contestants for the presidency.两位候选人最终成为总统职位竞争者。

6 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

8 treasury   

n.宝库；国库，金库；文库

参考例句：

• The Treasury was opposed in principle to the proposals.财政部原则上反对这些提案。
• This book is a treasury of useful information.这本书是有价值的信息宝库。

9 deserted   

adj.荒芜的，荒废的，无人的，被遗弃的

参考例句：

• The deserted village was filled with a deathly silence.这个荒废的村庄死一般的寂静。
• The enemy chieftain was opposed and deserted by his followers.敌人头目众叛亲离。