美国学生人类历史 第73期:罗马和迦太基(1)

 　　Chapter 22

　　第二十二章

　　Rome and Carthage

　　罗马和迦太基

　　The Semitic colony of Carthage on the northern coast of Africa and the indo-European city of Rome on the west coast of Italy fought each other for the possession of the Western Mediterranean¹ and Carthage was destroyed.

　　迦太基是闪米特种族在非洲北岸的殖民地。为争夺西地中海的统治权，它和意大利西海岸的印欧族罗马人发生了激烈的战争。战争最终以迦太基的灭亡而告终。

　　The little Phoenician trading post of Kart-hadshat stood on a low hill which overlooked the African Sea, a stretch of water ninety miles wide which separates Africa from Europe. It was an ideal spot for a commercial centre. Almost too ideal. It grew too fast and became too rich. When in the sixth century before our era, Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon destroyed Tyre, Carthage broke off all further relations with the Mother Country and became an independent state-the great western advance-post of the Semitic races.

　　腓尼基人的小贸易据点卡特·哈斯达特坐落在一座小山之上，俯瞰着一片90英里宽的平静海面，这就是分隔欧洲与非洲的阿非利加海。作为商业中心和贸易中转站，再没有比它更理想的地理位置了！它几乎是完美无缺，它发展得太快，变得太富有。当公元前6世纪，巴比伦国王尼布甲尼撒摧毁提尔的时候，哈斯达特就与母国割断了一切联系，成为一个独立的国家--迎太基。从那时开始，它便一直是闪米特种族向西方扩展势力的一个重要前沿阵地。

　　Unfortunately the city had inherited many of the traits which for a thousand years had been characteristic of the Phoenicians. It was a vast business-house, protected by a strong navy, indifferent to most of the finer aspects of life. The city and the surrounding country and the distant colonies were all ruled by a small but exceedingly powerful group of rich men, The Greek word for rich is "ploutos"and the Greeks called such a government by "rich men"a "Plutocracy²." Carthage was a plutocracy and the real power of the state lay in the hands of a dozen big ship-owners and mine-owners and merchants who met in the back room of an office and regarded their common Fatherland as a business enterprise which ought to yield them a decent profit. They were however wide awake and full of energy and worked very hard.

　　很不幸的是，这座城市从母国那里继承了许多不良 习 性。它们也是腓尼基人在1000年的发展历程中，因之兴也因之亡的一些典型特性。从本质上讲，这座城市无非是一个大商号，由一支强大的海军护卫着。迦太基人是地地道道的商人，除了做生意，他们对生活中很多优美精致的事物毫无兴趣。这座城市、城市附近的乡村、以及许许多多遥远的殖民地，全都由一个为数不多但权倾一时的富人集团统治着。希腊语中，富人为"ploutos"，因此希腊人把这样一个由富人掌管的政府称为"plutocracy"（富人统治或财阀统治）。迦太基就拥有这样一个典型的富人政权。整个国家的真正权力实际操控在12个大船主、大商人及大矿场主的手中。他们在密室中集会，商讨国家事务，将共同的祖国视为一个大公司，理应让他们赚取丰厚的利润。不过，他们精力充沛，工作勤奋，以警惕的目光随时注视着周围的事态。

1 Mediterranean   

adj.地中海的；地中海沿岸的

参考例句：

• The houses are Mediterranean in character.这些房子都属地中海风格。
• Gibraltar is the key to the Mediterranean.直布罗陀是地中海的要冲。

2 plutocracy   

n.富豪统治

参考例句：

• Financial,not moral,considerations will prevail in a plutocracy.在富豪当政的国家里，人们见利忘义。
• The most prolific of the debunkers of the plutocracy was Gustavus Myers.揭发富豪统治集团的作家中，最多产的是古斯塔夫斯·迈尔斯。