美国学生人类历史 第101期:罗马帝国的故事(11)

 　　If the truth be told, the average citizen was sick and tired of anarchy¹ and disorder². He did not care who ruled him pro³ vided the new master gave him a chance to live quietly and without the noise of eternal street riots. Octavian assured his subjects forty years of peace. He had no desire to extend the frontiers of his domains⁴, In the year 9 A.D. he had contemplated⁵ an invasion of the northwestern wilderness⁶ which was inhabited by the Teutons. But Varrus, his general, had been killed with all his men in the Teutoburg Woods, and after that the Romans made no further attempts to civilise these wild people.

　　事实上，一般罗马百姓对长期的无政府状态和混乱局势早已厌倦。只要新主人给他们一个平静生活的机会，只要不再听到时时传来的街头的暴动喧嚣声，他们才不在乎谁统治他们呢。渥大维给了他的臣民们40年和平的生活。他没有继续扩张领土的欲望 。公元9年，他对定居于欧洲西北荒野的条顿人发动了一场战争。结果他的将军尼禄和所有士兵在条顿堡森林全军覆没。从此，罗马人再未打算教化这些野蛮民族。

　　They concentrated their efforts upon the gigantic problem of internal reform. But it was too late to do much good. Two centuries of revolution and foreign war had repeatedly killed the best men among the younger generations. It had ruined the class of the free farmers. It had introduced slave labor⁷, against which no freeman could hope to compete. It had turned the cities into beehives inhabited by pauperized and unhealthy mobs of runaway⁸ peasants.

　　他们把精力放在堆积如山的国内问题上，试图挽回局面，不过已经为时太晚。两个世纪的国内革命和对外战争使得年轻一代的优秀分子死伤殆尽。战争摧毁了自由 农民，使这个阶层归于消亡。由于大量引进奴隶劳动，自由民根本无法与大庄园主竞争。战争还使得城市变成了一个个蜂巢，里面栖居着大量贫苦而肮脏的破产农民。

1 anarchy   

n.无政府状态；社会秩序混乱，无秩序

参考例句：

• There would be anarchy if we had no police.要是没有警察，社会就会无法无天。
• The country was thrown into a state of anarchy.这国家那时一下子陷入无政府状态。

2 disorder   

n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调

参考例句：

• When returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后，他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
• It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。

3 pro   

n.赞成，赞成的意见，赞成者

参考例句：

• The two debating teams argued the question pro and con.辩论的两组从赞成与反对两方面辩这一问题。
• Are you pro or con nuclear disarmament?你是赞成还是反对核裁军？

4 domains   

n.范围( domain的名词复数 )；领域；版图；地产

参考例句：

• The theory of thermodynamics links the macroscopic and submicroscopic domains. 热力学把宏观世界同亚微观世界联系起来。 来自辞典例句
• All three flow domains are indicated by shading. 所有三个流动区域都是用阴影部分表示的。 来自辞典例句

5 contemplated   

adj. 预期的 动词contemplate的过去分词形式

参考例句：

• The doctor contemplated the difficult operation he had to perform. 医生仔细地考虑他所要做的棘手的手术。
• The government has contemplated reforming the entire tax system. 政府打算改革整个税收体制。

6 wilderness   

n.杳无人烟的一片陆地、水等，荒漠

参考例句：

• She drove the herd of cattle through the wilderness.她赶着牛群穿过荒野。
• Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。

7 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

8 runaway   

n.逃走的人，逃亡，亡命者；adj.逃亡的，逃走的

参考例句：

• The police have not found the runaway to date.警察迄今没抓到逃犯。
• He was praised for bringing up the runaway horse.他勒住了脱缰之马受到了表扬。