美国学生人类历史 第117期:教会之兴(4)

 The Christian¹ communities however, refused to practice any sort of tolerance². 但基督教社团 却拒绝任何宽容与妥协。

They publicly declared that their God, and their God alone, was the true ruler of Heaven and Earth, and that all other gods were imposters. 他们公开宣称他们的上帝，唯独他们的上帝是宇宙与尘世的真正主宰，而所有别的神不过是冒名顶替的骗子。

This seemed unfair to the other sects³ and the police discouraged such utterances⁴. The Christians⁵ persisted. 这种说法显得对其他宗教很不公平，帝国警察不得不出面干预此类言行，可基督徒们依然坚持。

Soon there were further difficulties. 不久，更大的冲突产生了。

The Christians refused to go through the formalities of paying homage⁶ to the emperor.  基督徒拒绝施行对罗马皇帝表达敬意的礼仪，

They refused to appear when they were called upon to join the army. 他们还拒服帝国的兵役。

The Roman magistrates⁷ threatened to punish them. 罗马行政当局威胁要惩罚他们，

The Christians answered that this miserable⁸ world was only the ante-room to a very pleasant Heaven and that they were more than willing to suffer death for their principles. 他们却回答说，我们生存的这个悲惨世界只不过是进人天堂乐土的"过道"，我们宁愿丧失现世的生命，也不愿违背信仰的准则。

The Romans, puzzled by such conduct, sometimes killed the offenders⁹, but more often they did not. 罗马人对这样的言行大惑不解，偶尔杀死几个敢于反抗的基督徒，但大部分时候都是听之任之。

There was a certain amount of lynching during the earliest years of the church, 在教会成立的初期，发生过一些私刑处死基督徒的情形，

but this was the work of that part of the mob which accused their meek¹⁰ Christian neighbours of every conceivable crime, 不过这都是暴民们的行为。他们对自己温 顺的基督徒邻居胡 乱指控，污蔑他们犯下了各种各样离奇古怪的罪行，

(such as slaughtering¹¹ and eating babies, bringing about sickness and pestilence¹², betraying the country in times of danger) because it was a harmless sport and devoid¹³ of danger, as the Christians refused to fight back. 比如杀人、吃婴儿、散布疾病和瘟疫、出卖国家于危难之际等等。这些罪行出自暴徒们疯狂而阴险的想象力，他们知道基督徒是不会以暴易暴的，因此他们能够轻易地处死基督徒，却不怕招致报复。

Meanwhile, Rome continued to be invaded by the Barbarians¹⁴ and when her armies failed, 与此同时，罗马一直在受到蛮族的侵略。当罗马军队的刀剑无能为力的时候，

Christian missionaries¹⁵ went forth¹⁶ to preach their gospel of peace to the wild Teutons. They were strong men without fear of death. 基督传教士却挺身上前，向野蛮的条顿人宣讲他们的和平福音。他们都是些不畏死的坚定信仰者

1 Christian   

adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒

参考例句：

• They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
• His mother is a sincere Christian.他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒。

2 tolerance   

n.宽容；容忍，忍受；耐药力；公差

参考例句：

• Tolerance is one of his strengths.宽容是他的一个优点。
• Human beings have limited tolerance of noise.人类对噪音的忍耐力有限。

3 sects   

n.宗派，教派( sect的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Members of these sects are ruthlessly persecuted and suppressed. 这些教派的成员遭到了残酷的迫害和镇压。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He had subdued the religious sects, cleaned up Saigon. 他压服了宗教派别，刷新了西贡的面貌。 来自辞典例句

4 utterances   

n.发声( utterance的名词复数 )；说话方式；语调；言论

参考例句：

• John Maynard Keynes used somewhat gnomic utterances in his General Theory. 约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯在其《通论》中用了许多精辟言辞。 来自辞典例句
• Elsewhere, particularly in his more public utterances, Hawthorne speaks very differently. 在别的地方，特别是在比较公开的谈话里，霍桑讲的话则完全不同。 来自辞典例句

5 Christians   

n.基督教徒( Christian的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Christians of all denominations attended the conference. 基督教所有教派的人都出席了这次会议。
• His novel about Jesus caused a furore among Christians. 他关于耶稣的小说激起了基督教徒的公愤。

6 homage   

n.尊敬，敬意，崇敬

参考例句：

• We pay homage to the genius of Shakespeare.我们对莎士比亚的天才表示敬仰。
• The soldiers swore to pay their homage to the Queen.士兵们宣誓效忠于女王陛下。

7 magistrates   

地方法官，治安官( magistrate的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• to come up before the magistrates 在地方法院出庭
• He was summoned to appear before the magistrates. 他被传唤在地方法院出庭。

8 miserable   

adj.悲惨的，痛苦的；可怜的，糟糕的

参考例句：

• It was miserable of you to make fun of him.你取笑他，这是可耻的。
• Her past life was miserable.她过去的生活很苦。

9 offenders   

n.冒犯者( offender的名词复数 )；犯规者；罪犯；妨害…的人（或事物）

参考例句：

• Long prison sentences can be a very effective deterrent for offenders. 判处长期徒刑可对违法者起到强有力的威慑作用。
• Purposeful work is an important part of the regime for young offenders. 使从事有意义的劳动是管理少年犯的重要方法。

10 meek   

adj.温顺的，逆来顺受的

参考例句：

• He expects his wife to be meek and submissive.他期望妻子温顺而且听他摆布。
• The little girl is as meek as a lamb.那个小姑娘像羔羊一般温顺。

11 slaughtering   

v.屠杀，杀戮，屠宰( slaughter的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• The Revolutionary Tribunal went to work, and a steady slaughtering began. 革命法庭投入工作，持续不断的大屠杀开始了。 来自英汉非文学 - 历史
• \"Isn't it terrific slaughtering pigs? “宰猪的！ 来自汉英文学 - 中国现代小说

12 pestilence   

n.瘟疫

参考例句：

• They were crazed by the famine and pestilence of that bitter winter.他们因那年严冬的饥饿与瘟疫而折磨得发狂。
• A pestilence was raging in that area. 瘟疫正在那一地区流行。

13 devoid   

adj.全无的，缺乏的

参考例句：

• He is completely devoid of humour.他十分缺乏幽默。
• The house is totally devoid of furniture.这所房子里什么家具都没有。

14 barbarians   

n.野蛮人( barbarian的名词复数 )；外国人；粗野的人；无教养的人

参考例句：

• The ancient city of Rome fell under the iron hooves of the barbarians. 古罗马城在蛮族的铁蹄下沦陷了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• It conquered its conquerors, the barbarians. 它战胜了征服者——蛮族。 来自英汉非文学 - 历史

15 missionaries   

n.传教士( missionary的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Some missionaries came from England in the Qing Dynasty. 清朝时，从英国来了一些传教士。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The missionaries rebuked the natives for worshipping images. 传教士指责当地人崇拜偶像。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

16 forth   

adv.向前；向外，往外

参考例句：

• The wind moved the trees gently back and forth.风吹得树轻轻地来回摇晃。
• He gave forth a series of works in rapid succession.他很快连续发表了一系列的作品。