纽约时报 日益增加的排放形势依然严峻(2)

Separately, the World Meteorological Organization reported on Monday

另外，世界气象组织周一报道，

that emissions¹ of three major greenhouse gases — carbon dioxide, methane³ and nitrous oxide² —

自18世纪中期以来，三大主要温室气体——二氧化碳、甲烷和氧化亚氮——

have all swelled⁴ in the atmosphere since the mid-18th century.

一直在不断涌入大气之中。

“We are sleepwalking toward a climate catastrophe⁵ and need to wake up and take urgent action,”

“我们正在梦游般地走向气候灾难，我们必须醒过来立即采取行动，

said Alden Meyer, director of policy and strategy at the Union of Concerned Scientists,

周二，报告发表后，忧思科学家联盟政策战略主任奥尔登·迈耶

on a phone call with reporters Tuesday after the publication of the report.

在电话采访中对记者说道。

Even if every country fulfills⁶ its current pledges under the Paris Agreement —

即便每个国家都履行其在巴黎协定中许下的承诺——

and many, including the United States, Brazil and Australia, are currently not on track to do so —

更何况包括美国、巴西和澳大利亚在内的许多国家目前并没有走上这样的轨道——

the Emissions Gap Report found average temperatures are

排放差距报告发现，

on track to rise by 3.2 degrees Celsius⁷ from the baseline average temperature at the first of the industrial age.

全球平均气温仍将在工业时代初期的平均基线温度的基础上上升3.2℃。

According to scientific models, that kind of temperature rise sharply increases the likelihood of extreme weather events,

科学模型显示，类似这样的上升节奏会大幅增加极端天气的可能性，

the accelerated melting of glaciers⁸ and swelling⁹ seas — all endangering the lives of billions of people.

以及冰川加速融化，海平面上升的可能性——所有这些都将危及数十亿人的生命。

The Paris Agreement resolved to hold the increase in global temperatures well below 2 degrees Celsius, or 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit¹⁰;

《巴黎协定》决心将全球气温上升幅度控制在远低于2℃，或3.6℉的范围内；

last year, a United Nations-backed panel of scientists said the safer limit was to keep it to 1.5 degrees Celsius.

去年，联合国支持的某科学家小组表示，更安全的上限应该是1.5℃。

There are many ways to reduce emissions: quitting the combustion¹¹ of fossil fuels, especially coal, the world’s dirtiest fossil fuel;

减排的方法有很多：停止燃烧化石燃料，尤其是停止燃烧煤炭这种全世界污染能力最强的化石燃料；

switching to renewable energy like solar and wind power;

换成太阳能和风能等可再生能源；

moving away from gas- and diesel-guzzling cars; and halting deforestation.

停止使用消耗汽油或柴油的汽车；停止砍伐森林。

In fact, many countries are headed in the wrong direction.

事实上，许多国家努力的方向都没对。

A separate analysis made public this month looked at how much coal,

本月公布的另一份分析报告研究了

oil and natural gas the world’s nations have said they expect to produce and sell through 2030.

各国希望在2030年前完成的煤炭、石油和天然气的生产量及销量。

If all those fossil fuels were ultimately extracted and burned, the report found,

报告发现，如果所有这些化石燃料都完成了开采和燃烧，

countries would collectively miss their climate pledges, as well as the global 2 degree Celsius target,

各国将集体达不到他们承诺的气候目标，以及全球温度升幅小于2℃的目标，

by an even larger margin¹² than previously¹³ thought.

其差距也会比之前预测的还要大。

A number of countries around the world, including Canada and Norway,

该报告指出，包括加拿大和挪威在内的许多国家

have made plans to reduce emissions at home while expanding fossil-fuel production for sale abroad, that report noted¹⁴.

制定的都是一边减少国内温室气体排放量，一边提高供出口的化石燃料的生产指标的计划。

“At a global level, it doesn’t add up,” said Michael Lazarus,

“就全球形势来看，这样做根本就不合常理，”

a lead author of the report and director of the Stockholm Environment Institute’s United States Center.

报告的主要作者，斯德哥尔摩环境研究所美国中心主任迈克尔·拉撒路说道。

To date, he noted, discussions on whether and how to curb¹⁵ the production of fossil fuels have been almost entirely¹⁶ absent from international climate talks.

他指出，迄今为止，国际气候谈判中几乎从未出现过有关是否以及如何限制化石燃料生产的讨论。

1 emissions   

排放物( emission的名词复数 )； 散发物（尤指气体）

参考例句：

• Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。
• Dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。

2 oxide   

n.氧化物

参考例句：

• Oxide is usually seen in our daily life.在我们的日常生活中氧化物很常见。
• How can you get rid of this oxide coating?你们该怎样除去这些氧化皮？

3 methane   

n.甲烷，沼气

参考例句：

• The blast was caused by pockets of methane gas that ignited.爆炸是由数袋甲烷气体着火引起的。
• Methane may have extraterrestrial significance.甲烷具有星际意义。

4 swelled   

增强( swell的过去式和过去分词 )； 肿胀； （使）凸出； 充满（激情）

参考例句：

• The infection swelled his hand. 由于感染，他的手肿了起来。
• After the heavy rain the river swelled. 大雨过后，河水猛涨。

5 catastrophe   

n.大灾难，大祸

参考例句：

• I owe it to you that I survived the catastrophe.亏得你我才大难不死。
• This is a catastrophe beyond human control.这是一场人类无法控制的灾难。

6 fulfills   

v.履行（诺言等）( fulfill的第三人称单数 )；执行（命令等）；达到（目的）；使结束

参考例句：

• He always fulfills his promises. 他总是履行自己的诺言。 来自辞典例句
• His own work amply fulfills this robust claim. 他自己的作品在很大程度上实现了这一正确主张。 来自辞典例句

7 Celsius   

adj.摄氏温度计的，摄氏的

参考例句：

• The temperature tonight will fall to seven degrees Celsius.今晚气温将下降到七摄氏度。
• The maximum temperature in July may be 36 degrees Celsius.七月份最高温度可能达到36摄氏度。

8 glaciers   

冰河，冰川( glacier的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Glaciers gouged out valleys from the hills. 冰川把丘陵地带冲出一条条山谷。
• It has ice and snow glaciers, rainforests and beautiful mountains. 既有冰川，又有雨林和秀丽的山峰。 来自英语晨读30分（高一）

9 swelling   

n.肿胀

参考例句：

• Use ice to reduce the swelling. 用冰敷消肿。
• There is a marked swelling of the lymph nodes. 淋巴结处有明显的肿块。

10 Fahrenheit   

n./adj.华氏温度；华氏温度计(的)

参考例句：

• He was asked for the boiling point of water in Fahrenheit.他被问到水的沸点是华氏多少度。
• The thermometer reads 80 degrees Fahrenheit.寒暑表指出华氏80度。

11 combustion   

n.燃烧；氧化；骚动

参考例句：

• We might be tempted to think of combustion.我们也许会联想到氧化。
• The smoke formed by their combustion is negligible.由它燃烧所生成的烟是可忽略的。

12 margin   

n.页边空白；差额；余地，余裕；边，边缘

参考例句：

• We allowed a margin of 20 minutes in catching the train.我们有20分钟的余地赶火车。
• The village is situated at the margin of a forest.村子位于森林的边缘。

13 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

14 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

15 curb   

n.场外证券市场，场外交易；vt.制止，抑制

参考例句：

• I could not curb my anger.我按捺不住我的愤怒。
• You must curb your daughter when you are in church.你在教堂时必须管住你的女儿。

16 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。