PBS高端访谈:数据是如何帮助哮喘患者呼吸顺畅的?

 　　CHRISTOPHER BOOKER: Every night, usually somewhere between dinner time and putting her children to bed, Louisville nurse Dawn Sirek reaches for her inhaler.

　　DAWN SIREK: It's really simple … and that's it.

　　CHRISTOPHER BOOKER: On good days, this is only her second dose of a daily asthma¹ maintenance routine. But on bad days, of which there are many, Dawn says she loses count of just how many times she has trouble breathing and needs the inhaler.

　　DAWN SIREK: I have symptoms every day. It factors into my life every single day. It affects my work, it affects my being a mom. It's awful.

　　DAWN SIREK: For the past few months, whether it is a good day or a bad one, Dawn's daily battle to breathe has become intricately linked to an innovative² partnership³ of big data and public health.

　　Sitting atop her inhaler is a tiny GPS transmitter that with each puff⁴ passes valuable bits of information that not only helps dawn manage her asthma, but is also helping⁵ the city understand why so many of its residents are having trouble breathing.

　　MELISSA WILLIAMS: This is something that respiratory therapists like me kind of dream about.

　　CHRISTOPHER BOOKER: Melissa Williams works for Propeller⁶ Health, a respiratory health company, and the data collection partner for the program, known as Air Louisville.

　　MELISSA WILLIAMS: The first thing I do is log in, look at the dashboard. It'll give me a list of all of my patients in the program.

　　CHRISTOPHER BOOKER: Coupled with a participant's smartphone, the sensor⁷ sends the time and location to Propeller's central database – giving patients, doctors, and respiratory therapists like Melissa a day-to-day, real time understanding of just how the city's asthma patients are faring.

　　Since starting in 2012, Air Louisville has had hundreds of participants and hopes to enroll⁸ 1,000 by years end.

　　MELISSA WILLIAMS: It will show you when they typically have events. It will give you, like, the average temperature, the air quality, weather conditions on those days. So it will help to simplify triggers.

　　CHRISTOPHER BOOKER: With an estimated 13 percent of the population suffering from asthma, Louisville has one of the highest rates in the country.

　　Sitting in the Ohio River Valley, the city's unique geography, coupled with a steady flow of pollution from cars, makes the it particularly susceptible¹⁰ to poor air quality.

　　The American Lung Association ranks Louisville as the nation's 15th worst metropolitan¹¹ area for air pollution.

　　TED⁹ SMITH: I have counterparts in our Chamber¹² of Commerce, they collect best lists. Right? So Louisville's the best place to raise a poodle.

　　It's the best place for Asian Bourbon Fusion¹³ food. I collected the worst list. Right. And the worst lists are what the Chamber wants to burn all day long.

　　And so, one of the worst places to live in the country if you have asthma.

　　CHRISTOPHER BOOKER: For the past four years, as Louisville's first chief of civic¹⁴ innovation, Doctor Ted Smith has spent much of his time thinking how the city might get off of this list.

　　But Smith says the data-driven asthma hotspot map that resulted from the initial pilot program — brought a few surprises.

　　TED SMITH: The conventional wisdom around things like asthma, you know, may be, ‘Well, it's all about smoking. Or it's about older housing stock. Or it's about being next to a power plant or something.'

　　Right? And, you know, it turns out, at least the clustering we saw early was in other parts of our community entirely¹⁵.

　　CHRISTOPHER BOOKER: So besides industrial areas and highway intersections¹⁶, residential¹⁷ areas like this one in Southwest Louisville is a hot spot.

　　GREG FISCHER: It's been fascinating. Because we're pushing the envelope in terms of learning for the community, so that we could say precisely¹⁸ where do asthma sufferers have the most problem?

　　And how can we A) advise them about that? But B) mitigate¹⁹ how that might take place?

　　CHRISTOPHER BOOKER: When you see and look at the hotspots, I'm sure you can kind of correlate this to certain issues that exist within the city, whether that be the existence of a power facility or housing questions.

　　Do you foresee future battles that will be data-driven?

　　GREG FISCHER: I wouldn't call them battles. But I would say — call it informed decision making.

　　Before we didn't have that type of information to make a decision. So it makes people think about planning in a much more thoughtful way.

　　CHRISTOPHER BOOKER: For asthmatics like Dawn Sirek, this program isn't about lists, rankings, or city planning, it's a new tool to help her to live and breathe easier…

　　DAWN SIREK: My phone dings every night at 9 o'clock and every morning 9:00 a.m. to remind me to take my inhaler.

　　And the app that it's on my phone, it will tell me that it's a bad air quality day. And I had never paid attention to that in the past. And now I do.

1 asthma   

n.气喘病，哮喘病

参考例句：

• I think he's having an asthma attack.我想他现在是哮喘病发作了。
• Its presence in allergic asthma is well known.它在过敏性气喘中的存在是大家很熟悉的。

2 innovative   

adj.革新的，新颖的，富有革新精神的

参考例句：

• Discover an innovative way of marketing.发现一个创新的营销方式。
• He was one of the most creative and innovative engineers of his generation.他是他那代人当中最富创造性与革新精神的工程师之一。

3 partnership   

n.合作关系，伙伴关系

参考例句：

• The company has gone into partnership with Swiss Bank Corporation.这家公司已经和瑞士银行公司建立合作关系。
• Martin has taken him into general partnership in his company.马丁已让他成为公司的普通合伙人。

4 puff   

n.一口(气)；一阵(风)；v.喷气，喘气

参考例句：

• He took a puff at his cigarette.他吸了一口香烟。
• They tried their best to puff the book they published.他们尽力吹捧他们出版的书。

5 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

6 propeller   

n.螺旋桨，推进器

参考例句：

• The propeller started to spin around.螺旋桨开始飞快地旋转起来。
• A rope jammed the boat's propeller.一根绳子卡住了船的螺旋桨。

7 sensor   

n.传感器，探测设备，感觉器（官）

参考例句：

• The temperature sensor is enclosed in a protective well.温度传感器密封在保护套管中。
• He plugged the sensor into a outlet.他把传感器插进电源插座。

8 enroll   

v.招收；登记；入学；参军；成为会员（英)enrol

参考例句：

• I should like to enroll all my children in the swimming class.我愿意让我的孩子们都参加游泳班。
• They enroll him as a member of the club.他们吸收他为俱乐部会员。

9 ted   

vt.翻晒，撒，撒开

参考例句：

• The invaders gut ted the village.侵略者把村中财物洗劫一空。
• She often teds the corn when it's sunny.天好的时候她就翻晒玉米。

10 susceptible   

adj.过敏的，敏感的；易动感情的，易受感动的

参考例句：

• Children are more susceptible than adults.孩子比成人易受感动。
• We are all susceptible to advertising.我们都易受广告的影响。

11 metropolitan   

adj.大城市的，大都会的

参考例句：

• Metropolitan buildings become taller than ever.大城市的建筑变得比以前更高。
• Metropolitan residents are used to fast rhythm.大都市的居民习惯于快节奏。

12 chamber   

n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所

参考例句：

• For many,the dentist's surgery remains a torture chamber.对许多人来说，牙医的治疗室一直是间受刑室。
• The chamber was ablaze with light.会议厅里灯火辉煌。

13 fusion   

n.溶化；熔解；熔化状态，熔和；熔接

参考例句：

• Brass is formed by the fusion of copper and zinc. 黄铜是通过铜和锌的熔合而成的。
• This alloy is formed by the fusion of two types of metal.这种合金是用两种金属熔合而成的。

14 civic   

adj.城市的，都市的，市民的，公民的

参考例句：

• I feel it is my civic duty to vote.我认为投票选举是我作为公民的义务。
• The civic leaders helped to forward the project.市政府领导者协助促进工程的进展。

15 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。

16 intersections   

n.横断( intersection的名词复数 )；交叉；交叉点；交集

参考例句：

• Traffic lights have been placed at all major intersections. 所有重要的交叉路口都安装了交通信号灯。
• Intersections are of the greatest importance in highway design. 在道路设计中，交叉口占有最重要的地位。 来自辞典例句

17 residential   

adj.提供住宿的；居住的；住宅的

参考例句：

• The mayor inspected the residential section of the city.市长视察了该市的住宅区。
• The residential blocks were integrated with the rest of the college.住宿区与学院其他部分结合在了一起。

18 precisely   

adv.恰好，正好，精确地，细致地

参考例句：

• It's precisely that sort of slick sales-talk that I mistrust.我不相信的正是那种油腔滑调的推销宣传。
• The man adjusted very precisely.那个人调得很准。

19 mitigate   

vt.（使）减轻，（使）缓和

参考例句：

• The government is trying to mitigate the effects of inflation.政府正试图缓和通货膨胀的影响。
• Governments should endeavour to mitigate distress.政府应努力缓解贫困问题。