PBS高端访谈:美国数州采取多种措施遏制疫情蔓延

JUDY WOODRUFF: More states are moving tonight to try to curb¹ the surge of COVID-19. But for now, at least, infections keep reaching new levels, with no end in sight. Lisa Desjardins begins our coverage².

朱迪·伍德乐夫：今晚将有更多的州采取积极行动，试图遏制病例激增的势头。但至少就目前而言，新增感染病例仍在不断刷新记录，而且这些迹象说明疫情还远远没有结束。由丽莎·德斯贾丁斯开始报道有关这方面的新闻。

LISA DESJARDINS: Every day this week, in just about every state, caseloads of the coronavirus have been rising. The nation as a whole has logged record numbers in six of the last 10 days. Texas is one of the hardest-hit states, with over 10,000 new cases of the virus yesterday, and the death toll³ surging past 100 per day. In Florida, patients are pouring into hospitals that once thought they had turned a page.

丽莎·德贾丁斯：在本周，几乎每个州的新冠患者病例都在增加。在过去10天中的6天里，全美国的病例数已经破纪录了。德克萨斯州是疫情最严重的州之一，昨天有超过1万人感染了这种病毒，每天的死亡人数超过100人。在佛罗里达州，病人纷纷涌入医院，之前他们一度以为自己的生活已经开启了新的篇章。

DR. ANDREW PASTEWSKI, Jackson South Medical Center: We felt good for a while. We were able to close down the COVID ICU. We had all the COVID patients in one floor. We felt like we had a handle on it. And then we had to open up a second floor and a third floor. Now we're into a fourth and fifth floor. And we don't see it getting any better.

杰克逊南方医疗中心安德鲁·巴斯特夫斯基：有段时间我们感觉情况有好转。我们用不上COVID-19重症监护病房了。所有的新冠患者都集中在一楼治疗。我们觉得我们应对得很好。之后我们不得不开放二楼和三楼。现在我们开放了四楼和五楼。我们并没有看到疫情有任何好转的迹象。

LISA DESJARDINS: In Orlando today, Governor Ron DeSantis again defended his decision to restart the economy in May.

丽莎·德贾丁斯：今天在奥兰多，德桑蒂斯再次为他5月份重启经济的决定辩护。

GOV. RON DESANTIS (R-FL): There was really no justification⁴ to not move forward because of the low, and that continued all through May, continued in the early part of June. And then we have now seen more cases and transmission at the exact same time that the rest of the Sunbelt is.

佛罗里达州州长罗恩·德桑蒂斯：确实没有理由因为低潮而不采取行动，这种情况一直持续到5月，一直持续到6月初。现在我们已经看到了更多的新增病例，同时美国南方一带的其他地区也是这样的情况。

LISA DESJARDINS: But now more states are pivoting⁵ back to old containment⁶ measures. Mississippi's governor has now made face masks mandatory⁷ in 13 of the hardest-hit counties. Michigan has toughened its mandate⁸ that businesses deny service to those without a mask. New Mexico is canceling contact sports at high schools this fall, and banned indoor dining at restaurants. And Nevada ordered bars to close again starting tonight. Meanwhile, the American Academy of Pediatrics, plus two major teachers unions, and a school superintendents⁹ organization, warned today against reopening schools this fall, unless local experts approve. President Trump¹⁰ has threatened to cut off federal funds for schools that don't reopen and criticized CDC guidelines as too onerous¹¹. Last night, he played down the severity of the virus'new surge in a phone interview with FOX News.

丽莎·德贾丁斯：但现在，越来越多的州正重新采取传统的遏制疫情的措施。密西西比州州长已经要求在疫情最严重的13个县中实行强制戴口罩的政策。密歇根州强制规定企业可以拒绝为不戴口罩的人提供服务。今年秋天，新墨西哥州将取消高中的身体接触项目运动，并禁止在餐馆内就餐。从今晚开始内华达又下令关闭酒吧。与此同时，美国儿科学会，以及两个主要的教师工会和一个学校监管机构今天警告说，除非当地专家批准，否则今年秋天不要重新复课。特朗普总统威胁要对未重新开放的学区停止拨款，并批评CDC的指导方针过于繁琐。昨晚，美国总统特朗普接受福克斯新闻的电话采访时淡化了病例激增的严重性。

DONALD TRUMP, President of the United States: Literally¹², in most cases, they automatically cure, they automatically get better.

美国总统唐纳德·特朗普：大部分新冠肺炎患者会“自愈”，他们会自然而然地恢复健康的。

LISA DESJARDINS: The president also stepped up his criticism of Dr. Anthony Fauci, the nation's foremost infectious disease expert.

丽莎·德贾丁斯：总统还加大了对美国顶级传染病专家安东尼·福奇博士的批评力度。

DONALD TRUMP: Dr. Fauci is a nice man, but he's made a lot of mistakes.

唐纳德·特朗普：福奇博士是个好人，但他犯了很多错误。

LISA DESJARDINS: Fauci, in turn, told The Financial Times he hasn't briefed Mr. Trump for at least two months and they last saw each other in early June. Around the world, Australia, looking to contain a new outbreak in Melbourne, announced limits on how many of its own citizens will be allowed to return home from overseas each week. And Britain, slowly emerging from its lockdown, lifted a 14-day quarantine requirement for arriving travelers. Those rules, however, remain in place for those from higher-risk countries, including the U.S. For the "PBS NewsHour", I'm Lisa Desjardins.

丽莎·德贾丁斯：福奇则告诉英国《金融时报》，他至少有两个月没有向特朗普通报情况了，他们最后一次见面是在6月初。纵观全世界，澳大利亚为了控制墨尔本新的疫情爆发，宣布每周会限制本国公民从海外回国的人数。英国慢慢解除了紧急状态，取消了对入境旅客进行14天隔离措施。然而，这些隔离措施仍然适用于疫情高风险国家，包括美国。这里是“PBS新闻一小时”新闻节目，我是丽莎·德贾丁斯。

1 curb   

n.场外证券市场，场外交易；vt.制止，抑制

参考例句：

• I could not curb my anger.我按捺不住我的愤怒。
• You must curb your daughter when you are in church.你在教堂时必须管住你的女儿。

2 coverage   

n.报导，保险范围，保险额，范围，覆盖

参考例句：

• There's little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper.报纸上几乎没有国外新闻报道。
• This is an insurance policy with extensive coverage.这是一项承保范围广泛的保险。

3 toll   

n.过路(桥)费；损失，伤亡人数；v.敲(钟)

参考例句：

• The hailstone took a heavy toll of the crops in our village last night.昨晚那场冰雹损坏了我们村的庄稼。
• The war took a heavy toll of human life.这次战争夺去了许多人的生命。

4 justification   

n.正当的理由；辩解的理由

参考例句：

• There's no justification for dividing the company into smaller units. 没有理由把公司划分成小单位。
• In the young there is a justification for this feeling. 在年轻人中有这种感觉是有理由的。

5 pivoting   

n.绕轴旋转，绕公共法线旋转v.（似）在枢轴上转动( pivot的现在分词 )；把…放在枢轴上；以…为核心，围绕（主旨）展开

参考例句：

• Here is a neat YouTube video showing the Gyro's pivoting mechanism. 这里是一个整洁的YouTube视频显示陀螺仪的旋转机制。 来自互联网
• Dart pivoting is widely used in the gannent pattern design. 省道转移的原理在服装纸样设计中应用十分广泛。 来自互联网

6 containment   

n.阻止，遏制；容量

参考例句：

• Your list might include such things as cost containment,quality,or customer satisfaction.你的清单上应列有诸如成本控制、产品质量、客户满意程度等内容。
• Insularity and self-containment,it is argued,go hand in hand.他们争论说，心胸狭窄和自我封闭是并存的。

7 mandatory   

adj.命令的；强制的；义务的；n.受托者

参考例句：

• It's mandatory to pay taxes.缴税是义务性的。
• There is no mandatory paid annual leave in the U.S.美国没有强制带薪年假。

8 mandate   

n.托管地；命令，指示

参考例句：

• The President had a clear mandate to end the war.总统得到明确的授权结束那场战争。
• The General Election gave him no such mandate.大选并未授予他这种权力。

9 superintendents   

警长( superintendent的名词复数 )； （大楼的）管理人； 监管人； （美国）警察局长

参考例句：

• Unlike their New York counterparts, Portland school superintendents welcomed McFarlane. 这一次，地点是在波特兰。
• But superintendents and principals have wide discretion. 但是，地方领导和校长有自由裁量权。

10 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

11 onerous   

adj.繁重的

参考例句：

• My household duties were not particularly onerous.我的家务活并不繁重。
• This obligation sometimes proves onerous.这一义务有时被证明是艰巨的。

12 literally   

adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实

参考例句：

• He translated the passage literally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。
• Sometimes she would not sit down till she was literally faint.有时候，她不走到真正要昏厥了，决不肯坐下来。