时代周刊:美国疫后自由市场已逝,接下来该走哪条路?(3)

Similarly, a managed economy on a national scale needs public investment to flourish.

同样，一个国家规模的管理经济需要公共投资来繁荣。

When government invests in public goods like roads, airports, public transit¹, schools and solar panels, economic growth soars—just as it does when you put a roof over a farmer's market.

当政府投资公路、机场、公共交通、学校和太阳能电池板等公共产品时，经济增长就会飙升——就像给农家市场盖上屋顶一样。

Finally, a managed market recognizes the need for the state to buffer² shocks and surprises.

最后，一个有管理的市场要认识到政府有必要缓冲冲击和意外。

When the growth of the suburbs and supermarkets threatened the viability³ of a central downtown market, local government in Lancaster stepped in to modernize⁴ the market,

当郊区和超市的发展威胁到市中心市场的生存时，兰开斯特的地方政府开始介入，使市场现代化，

and a nonprofit managing the market helps ensure a balance of vendors⁵ that can serve the local community and tourists alike.

一个管理市场的非营利组织有助于确保商贩之间的平衡，既能服务于当地社区，也能服务于游客。

Today, Amish women wearing traditional bonnets⁶ serve fresh-baked pies steps away from a stand of Middle Eastern foods and another selling mozzarella cheese made from local goat's milk.

今天，戴着传统帽子的阿米什妇女在远离中东食品摊位和另一个用当地羊奶制作马苏里拉奶酪摊位的地方供应新鲜烘焙的馅饼。

At a national level, monetary⁷ and fiscal⁸ authorities employ macroeconomic policy to mitigate⁹ the blows of unexpected crises.

在国家层面，货币和财政当局采用宏观经济政策来减轻意外危机的打击。

Just last year in response to the pandemic, the Federal Reserve took rates to zero, restarted its bondbuying program and broke new ground by moving into corporate¹⁰ and municipal debt markets.

就在去年，为了应对疫情，美联储(Federal Reserve)将利率降至零，重启了债券购买计划，并通过进入公司和市政债券市场开辟了新的领域。

Meanwhile, political leaders of both parties passed three emergency aid bills to keep tens of millions of Americans out of poverty and tens of thousands of businesses above water.

与此同时，两党领导人通过了三项紧急援助法案，使数千万美国人摆脱贫困，使数万家企业脱离困境。

We have always used regulation, public investment and macroeconomic management to make our economy work, but we've done so sporadically¹¹ and often weakly because we've told ourselves a different story about how the economy works.

我们一直都是通过监管、公共投资和宏观经济管理来让经济运转，但我们只是偶尔这么做，而且通常力度很小。因为关于经济如何运转我们告诉自己的是另一个故事。

It's time for the story we tell to match the reality of economic growth—and to fully¹² embrace the opportunity that creates.

是时候让我们所讲的故事与经济增长的现实相匹配，并充分拥抱由此带来的机遇。

We can look at shifting attitudes on childcare. Free-market orthodoxy told parents with young kids that they were on the hook to find and pay for affordable¹³, safe childcare.

我们可以看看人们对儿童保育态度的转变。自由市场的正统观念告诉有小孩的父母，他们需要找到并支付负担得起的、安全的托儿服务。

A managed market outlook recognizes the obvious: cheap access to good childcare makes it easier for parents, particularly mothers, to join the labor¹⁴ force, boosting economic activity.

有管理的市场前景认识到一个显而易见的事实：廉价的优质托儿服务让父母，尤其是母亲更容易加入劳动力大军，从而提振经济活动。

In many cases, it also improves educational outcomes for their kids.

在很多情况下还能提高孩子的教育成果。

Virtually all Democrats¹⁵ and almost threequarters of Republicans support the idea of offering optional public pre-K to all 3-and 4-year-olds, and nearly half of Republicans go further and support universal childcare from birth to age 5.

几乎所有的民主党人和近四分之三的共和党人都支持为所有3到4岁的孩子提供可选的公共学前教育的想法，近一半的共和党人则更进一步支持从出生到5岁儿童的全体保育。

1 transit   

n.经过，运输；vt.穿越，旋转；vi.越过

参考例句：

• His luggage was lost in transit.他的行李在运送中丢失。
• The canal can transit a total of 50 ships daily.这条运河每天能通过50条船。

2 buffer   

n.起缓冲作用的人(或物)，缓冲器；vt.缓冲

参考例句：

• A little money can be a useful buffer in time of need.在急需时，很少一点钱就能解燃眉之急。
• Romantic love will buffer you against life's hardships.浪漫的爱会减轻生活的艰辛。

3 viability   

n.存活(能力)

参考例句：

• What is required to achieve or maintain such viability? 要达到或维持这种生存能力需要什么？
• Scientists are experimenting to find ways to ensure the viability of seeds for even longer periods of time. 正如我们所说，科学家正在试验努力寻找让种子的生命力更加延长的方法。

4 modernize   

vt.使现代化，使适应现代的需要

参考例句：

• It was their manifest failure to modernize the country's industries.他们使国家进行工业现代化，明显失败了。
• There is a pressing need to modernise our electoral system.我们的选举制度迫切需要现代化。

5 vendors   

n.摊贩( vendor的名词复数 )；小贩；（房屋等的）卖主；卖方

参考例句：

• The vendors were gazundered at the last minute. 卖主在最后一刻被要求降低房价。
• At the same time, interface standards also benefIt'software vendors. 同时，界面标准也有利于软件开发商。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

6 bonnets   

n.童帽( bonnet的名词复数 )；（烟囱等的）覆盖物；（苏格兰男子的）无边呢帽；（女子戴的）任何一种帽子

参考例句：

• All the best bonnets of the city were there. 城里戴最漂亮的无边女帽的妇女全都到场了。 来自辞典例句
• I am tempting you with bonnets and bangles and leading you into a pit. 我是在用帽子和镯子引诱你，引你上钩。 来自飘（部分）

7 monetary   

adj.货币的，钱的；通货的；金融的；财政的

参考例句：

• The monetary system of some countries used to be based on gold.过去有些国家的货币制度是金本位制的。
• Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。

8 fiscal   

adj.财政的，会计的，国库的，国库岁入的

参考例句：

• The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。
• The government has two basic strategies of fiscal policy available.政府有两个可行的财政政策基本战略。

9 mitigate   

vt.（使）减轻，（使）缓和

参考例句：

• The government is trying to mitigate the effects of inflation.政府正试图缓和通货膨胀的影响。
• Governments should endeavour to mitigate distress.政府应努力缓解贫困问题。

10 corporate   

adj.共同的，全体的；公司的，企业的

参考例句：

• This is our corporate responsibility.这是我们共同的责任。
• His corporate's life will be as short as a rabbit's tail.他的公司的寿命是兔子尾巴长不了。

11 sporadically   

adv.偶发地，零星地

参考例句：

• There are some trees sporadically around his house. 他的房子周围零星地有点树木。 来自辞典例句
• As for other aspects, we will sporadically hand out questionnaires. 在其他方面，我们会偶尔发送调查问卷。 来自互联网

12 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

13 affordable   

adj.支付得起的，不太昂贵的

参考例句：

• The rent for the four-roomed house is affordable.四居室房屋的房租付得起。
• There are few affordable apartments in big cities.在大城市中没有几所公寓是便宜的。

14 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

15 democrats   

n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。
• The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。 来自《简明英汉词典》