世界名人简介 第71期:拉多万·卡拉季奇

 Radovan Karadzic is a former Bosnian Serb leader. He is currently on trial for war crimes and genocide at the International War Crimes Tribunal in The Hague. Karadzic is thought to be behind the deaths of thousands of people in Sarajevo and 8,000 Muslim men and boys in the town of Srebrenica. He was a fugitive¹ for almost 13 years.

拉多万·卡拉季奇是原波黑塞族共和国总统。因涉嫌犯有战争罪和种族屠杀，目前在海牙军事法庭接受审判。人们认为数千名萨拉热窝人因他而死，在斯雷布雷尼察屠杀中，8千名穆斯林贫民死亡。随即开始了13年的逃亡生活。

Karadzic was born in 1945 in Montenegro. He moved to Sarajevo in 1960 to study psychiatry². In the 1970s, he studied neurotic³ disorders⁴ and depression at a hospital in Denmark and at Columbia University in New York. When he returned to Yugoslavia, he started writing poetry. He also got into politics and made a speech attacking nationalism.

1945年，卡拉季奇出生在黑山共和国。1960年，前往萨拉热窝学习精神病学。20世纪70年代，他分别在一家丹麦医院，以及纽约哥伦比亚大学研究精神疾病和抑郁症。回到南斯拉夫后，他开始创作诗词。随后进入政坛，并发表了抨击民族主义演讲。

Karadzic co-founded the Serbian Democratic Party in 1989. He wanted to create a nation of Serbs if Yugoslavia ever broke up. In 1992, he proclaimed the Republika Srpska, representing Serbs from Bosnia and Herzegovina. During the Balkan Wars of 1992-1995 Karadzic took control of his republic’s troops from his military commander Ratko Mladic. He formulated⁵ the battle plans in his fight for Serb nationalism.

1989年，卡拉季奇成为了塞尔维亚民主党创始人之一。他希望南斯拉夫解体，并创建属于塞族人民的共和国。1992年，他成立波黑塞尔维亚共和国，代表了波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的塞族人。在巴尔干战争期间（1992-1995），卡拉季奇从军事总司令拉特科·姆拉迪奇那里夺取了军队控制权。并为塞族的民族主义制定战争计划。

In 1996, Karadzic was put on the UN's most-wanted list, charged with crimes against humanity. He went on the run for nearly 13 years. While a fugitive, he assumed an alias⁶ and lived in Belgrade. He lived a normal life and worked as a specialist in alternative medicine. He was arrested in Belgrade in July 2008 and flown to The Hague, where he is conducting his own defence.

1996年，在联合国的头号通缉犯中，卡拉季奇榜上有名，并因危害人类罪而遭到指控。并开始了近13年的逃亡生涯。在逃亡期间，他隐姓埋名，隐居在贝尔格莱德。他过着平凡的生活，并成为了一名替代医学专家。2008年7月，卡拉季奇在贝尔格莱德被捕，并送往海牙，他将在那里进行自我辩护。

1.on trial 接受审判

例句：He was on trial for theft.

他因盗窃罪受到审判。

2.take control of 控制

例句：While they reside there, they take control of our lives.

当它们驻留不去时，我们的生活被控制住了。

3.crimes against humanity 危害人类罪

例句：These are war crimes and crimes against humanity.

这些都是战争罪和危害人类罪。

4.work as 担任

例句：She worked as a nurse when she was young.

年轻时她是一名护士。

1 fugitive   

adj.逃亡的，易逝的；n.逃犯，逃亡者

参考例句：

• The police were able to deduce where the fugitive was hiding.警方成功地推断出那逃亡者躲藏的地方。
• The fugitive is believed to be headed for the border.逃犯被认为在向国境线逃窜。

2 psychiatry   

n.精神病学，精神病疗法

参考例句：

• The study appeared in the Amercian science Journal of Psychiatry.这个研究发表在美国精神病学的杂志上。
• A physician is someone who specializes in psychiatry.精神病专家是专门从事精神病治疗的人。

3 neurotic   

adj.神经病的，神经过敏的；n.神经过敏者，神经病患者

参考例句：

• Nothing is more distracting than a neurotic boss. 没有什么比神经过敏的老板更恼人的了。
• There are also unpleasant brain effects such as anxiety and neurotic behaviour.也会对大脑产生不良影响，如焦虑和神经质的行为。

4 disorders   

n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 )；凌乱；骚乱；（身心、机能）失调

参考例句：

• Reports of anorexia and other eating disorders are on the increase. 据报告，厌食症和其他饮食方面的功能紊乱发生率正在不断增长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The announcement led to violent civil disorders. 这项宣布引起剧烈的骚乱。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 formulated   

v.构想出( formulate的过去式和过去分词 )；规划；确切地阐述；用公式表示

参考例句：

• He claims that the writer never consciously formulated his own theoretical position. 他声称该作家从未有意识地阐明他自己的理论见解。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• This idea can be formulated in two different ways. 这个意思可以有两种说法。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

6 alias   

n.化名；别名；adv.又名

参考例句：

• His real name was Johnson,but he often went by the alias of Smith.他的真名是约翰逊，但是他常常用化名史密斯。
• You can replace this automatically generated alias with a more meaningful one.可用更有意义的名称替换这一自动生成的别名。