世界名人简介 第90期:纳吉布·马哈富兹

 Naguib Mahfouz was born in 1911 and died in 2006. He was an Egyptian novelist and winner of the 1988 Nobel Prize for Literature. He is considered as the father of modern Arabic literature and is popular throughout the Arab world. Many of his books were about Egyptian nationalism. He said politics “is the very axis¹ of our thinking”.

纳吉布·马哈富兹出生于1911年，并于2006年逝世。马哈富兹是埃及小说家，1988年诺贝尔文学奖获得主。他是现代阿拉伯文学之父，并在阿拉伯世界赫赫有名。他的许多著作均与埃及民族主义有关。并认为政治是他的思想“轴心”。

Mahfouz came from a lower middle-class Muslim family in Cairo, the youngest of seven children. He had a very strict Islamic upbringing. He later wondered how “an artist would emerge from that family". Mahfouz was an avid² reader and spent his early years with his head buried in books. His interests included traditional Arab literature and Western classics and detective stories.

马哈富兹出生于开罗的下层中产阶级家庭，在所有7名兄弟姐妹中排名最末。并受到了严格的伊斯兰教育。他曾对诞生在这种家庭的艺术家而感到困惑。马哈富兹喜欢阅读，并很早就与书籍结缘。他的涉猎范围包括传统阿拉伯文学、西方经典以及侦探小说。

He graduated in philosophy from the University of Cairo and decided³ to be a professional writer. He got a job in the Ministry⁴ of Culture, where he stayed until 1972, as a movie censor⁵. While working as a civil servant, Mahfouz wrote 34 novels, 350 short stories, dozens of movie scripts and five plays. Many of his works were made into Arabic-language movies.

他毕业于开罗大学哲学系，并决定成为职业作家。他曾在文化部担任电影1.because of 因为

例句：It is mainly because of my fault. 

这主要是由于我的过错。

2.Ministry of Culture 文化部

例句：Both funds are supervised by the Ministry of Culture.

这两项基金均由文化部监管。

3.civil servant 公务员

例句：The civil servant's expression, however, did not change, not so much as by a flicker⁶.

然而，那位公务员的表情还是那样，丝毫没变。

4.condemn⁷ to 宣判

例句：He was condemned⁸ to life imprisonment⁹.

他被判终身监禁。审查官，并于1972年离任。担任国家公务员期间，马哈富兹创作了34部小说，350个短片故事，数十部电影剧本以及五部话剧。许多作品也拍摄成了阿拉伯语电影。

Mahfouz was not a stranger to controversy¹⁰. Many Arab countries banned his books because of his support of Egypt’s peace treaty with Israel. He also supported Salman Rushdie after Iran’s Ayatollah Khomeini condemned the author to death. Mahfouz received many death threats, and he survived an assassination¹¹ attempt in 1994. He is the only Arabic-language writer to win the Nobel Prize for Literature.

对马哈富兹的非议不断。因支持埃及以色列签署“和平协议”，他的作品也因此成为了许多阿拉伯国家的禁书。因萨尔曼·鲁西迪被鲁霍拉·霍梅尼判处死刑，马哈富兹还公开支持鲁西迪。马哈富兹曾受到许多死亡威胁，1994年，他在一次暗杀行动中死里逃生。他也成为了阿拉伯史上首位获得诺贝尔文学奖的阿拉伯作家。

1 axis   

n.轴，轴线，中心线；坐标轴，基准线

参考例句：

• The earth's axis is the line between the North and South Poles.地轴是南北极之间的线。
• The axis of a circle is its diameter.圆的轴线是其直径。

2 avid   

adj.热心的；贪婪的；渴望的；劲头十足的

参考例句：

• He is rich,but he is still avid of more money.他很富有,但他还想贪图更多的钱。
• She was avid for praise from her coach.那女孩渴望得到教练的称赞。

3 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

4 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

5 censor   

n./vt.审查，审查员；删改

参考例句：

• The film has not been viewed by the censor.这部影片还未经审查人员审查。
• The play was banned by the censor.该剧本被查禁了。

6 flicker   

vi./n.闪烁，摇曳，闪现

参考例句：

• There was a flicker of lights coming from the abandoned house.这所废弃的房屋中有灯光闪烁。
• At first,the flame may be a small flicker,barely shining.开始时，光辉可能是微弱地忽隐忽现，几乎并不灿烂。

7 condemn   

vt.谴责，指责；宣判(罪犯)，判刑

参考例句：

• Some praise him,whereas others condemn him.有些人赞扬他，而有些人谴责他。
• We mustn't condemn him on mere suppositions.我们不可全凭臆测来指责他。

8 condemned   

adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• He condemned the hypocrisy of those politicians who do one thing and say another. 他谴责了那些说一套做一套的政客的虚伪。
• The policy has been condemned as a regressive step. 这项政策被认为是一种倒退而受到谴责。

9 imprisonment   

n.关押，监禁，坐牢

参考例句：

• His sentence was commuted from death to life imprisonment.他的判决由死刑减为无期徒刑。
• He was sentenced to one year's imprisonment for committing bigamy.他因为犯重婚罪被判入狱一年。

10 controversy   

n.争论，辩论，争吵

参考例句：

• That is a fact beyond controversy.那是一个无可争论的事实。
• We ran the risk of becoming the butt of every controversy.我们要冒使自己在所有的纷争中都成为众矢之的的风险。

11 assassination   

n.暗杀；暗杀事件

参考例句：

• The assassination of the president brought matters to a head.总统遭暗杀使事态到了严重关头。
• Lincoln's assassination in 1865 shocked the whole nation.1865年，林肯遇刺事件震惊全美国。