万物简史 第55期:事物的测定(2)

 At one point the group had to suspend work for eight months while La Condamine rode off to Lima to sort out a problem with their permits. Eventually he and Bouguer stopped speaking and refused to work together. Everywhere the dwindling¹ party went it was met with the deepest suspicions from officials who found it difficult to believe that a group of French scientists would travel halfway² around the world to measure the world. That made no sense at all. Two and a half centuries later it still seems a reasonable question. Why didn't the French make their measurements in France and save themselves all the bother and discomfort³ of their Andean adventure?

测量小组有一次不得不停止工作8个月；同时，孔达米纳骑马去利马，解决一个许可证问题。他最后和布格互不说话，拒绝合作。这个人数越来越少的测量小组每到一处都让当地官员们心存狐疑。他们很难相信，这批法国科学家为了测量世界而会绕过半个地球。这根本说不通。两个半世纪以后，这似乎仍是个很有道理的问题。法国人犯不着吃那么多苦头跑到安第斯山脉，干吗不就在法国搞测量？

The answer lies partly with the fact that eighteenth-century scientists, the French in particular, seldom did things simply if an absurdly demanding alternative was available, and partly with a practical problem that had first arisen with the English astronomer⁴ Edmond Halley many years before—long before Bouguer and La Condamine dreamed of going to South America, much less had a reason for doing so.

一方面，这是因为18世纪的科学家，尤其是法国科学家，办事很少用简单的办法。另一方面，这与一个实际问题有关。这个问题起源于多年以前--早在布格和孔达米纳梦想去南美洲之前，更不用说有理由这么做之前--英国天文学家埃德蒙·哈雷。

Halley was an exceptional figure. In the course of a long and productive career, he was a sea captain, a cartographer, a professor of geometry at the University of Oxford⁵, deputy controller of the Royal Mint, astronomer royal, and inventor of the deep-sea diving bell. He wrote authoritatively⁶ on magnetism⁷, tides, and the motions of the planets, and fondly on the effects of opium⁸. He invented the weather map and actuarial table, proposed methods for working out the age of the Earth and its distance from the Sun, even devised a practical method for keeping fish fresh out of season. The one thing he didn't do, interestingly enough, was discover the comet that bears his name. He merely recognized that the comet he saw in 1682 was the same one that had been seen by others in 1456, 1531, and 1607. It didn't become Halley's comet until 1758, some sixteen years after his death.

哈雷是个不同凡响的人物。在漫长而又多产的生涯中，他当过船长、地图绘制员、牛津大学几何学教授、皇家制币厂副厂长、皇家天文学家，是深海潜水钟的发明人。他写过有关磁力、潮汐和行星运动方面的权威文章，还天真地写过关于鸦片的效果的文章。他发明了气象图和运算表，提出了测算地球的年龄和地球到太阳的距离的方法，甚至发明了一种把鱼类保鲜到淡季的实用方法。他惟一没有干过的就是发现那颗冠以他名字的彗星。他只是承认，他在1682年见到的那颗彗星，就是别人分别在1456年、1531年和1607年见到的同一颗彗星。这颗彗星直到1758年才被命名为哈雷彗星，那是在他去世大约16年之后。

 

1 dwindling   

adj.逐渐减少的v.逐渐变少或变小( dwindle的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• The number of wild animals on the earth is dwindling. 地球上野生动物的数量正日渐减少。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He is struggling to come to terms with his dwindling authority. 他正努力适应自己权力被削弱这一局面。 来自辞典例句

2 halfway   

adj.中途的，不彻底的，部分的；adv.半路地，在中途，在半途

参考例句：

• We had got only halfway when it began to get dark.走到半路，天就黑了。
• In study the worst danger is give up halfway.在学习上，最忌讳的是有始无终。

3 discomfort   

n.不舒服，不安，难过，困难，不方便

参考例句：

• One has to bear a little discomfort while travelling.旅行中总要忍受一点不便。
• She turned red with discomfort when the teacher spoke.老师讲话时她不好意思地红着脸。

4 astronomer   

n.天文学家

参考例句：

• A new star attracted the notice of the astronomer.新发现的一颗星引起了那位天文学家的注意。
• He is reputed to have been a good astronomer.他以一个优秀的天文学者闻名于世。

5 Oxford   

n.牛津（英国城市）

参考例句：

• At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
• This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。

6 authoritatively   

命令式地，有权威地，可信地

参考例句：

• "If somebody'll come here and sit with him," he snapped authoritatively. “来个人到这儿陪他坐着。”他用发号施令的口吻说。
• To decide or settle(a dispute, for example) conclusively and authoritatively. 判定结论性、权威性地决定或解决（纠纷等）

7 magnetism   

n.磁性，吸引力，磁学

参考例句：

• We know about magnetism by the way magnets act.我们通过磁铁的作用知道磁性是怎么一回事。
• His success showed his magnetism of courage and devotion.他的成功表现了他的胆量和热诚的魅力。

8 opium   

n.鸦片；adj.鸦片的

参考例句：

• That man gave her a dose of opium.那男人给了她一剂鸦片。
• Opium is classed under the head of narcotic.鸦片是归入麻醉剂一类的东西。