万物简史 第84期:敲石头的人们(6)

 Luckily Hutton had a Boswell in the form of John Playfair, a professor of mathematics at the University of Edinburgh and a close friend, who could not only write silken prose but—thanks to many years at Hutton's elbow—actually understood what Hutton was trying to say, most of the time. In 1802, five years after Hutton's death, Playfair produced a simplified exposition of the Huttonian principles, entitled Illustrations of the Huttonian Theory of the Earth. The book was gratefully received by those who took an active interest in geology, which in 1802 was not a large number. That, however, was about to change. And how.

还算运气，赫顿在约翰?普莱费尔身上找到了一个鲍斯韦尔式的人物。普莱费尔是爱丁堡大学的数学教授，赫顿的一位密友。他不但写得出漂亮的散文，而且--幸亏多年在赫顿身边--在大多数情况下知道赫顿其实想要说些什么。1802年，在赫顿去世5年以后，普莱费尔推出了赫顿原理的简写本，题目叫做《关于赫顿地球论的说明》。这本书受到了对地质学感兴趣的人的欢迎。这种人在1802年还为数不多。然而，情况快要发生变化。那么，情况是怎么发生变化的？

In the winter of 1807, thirteen like-minded souls in London got together at the Freemasons Tavern¹ at Long Acre, in Covent Garden, to form a dining club to be called the Geological Society. The idea was to meet once a month to swap² geological notions over a glass or two of Madeira and a convivial³ dinner.

1807年，伦敦13个志同道合的人在科文特加登广场朗埃克街的共济会酒店聚会，成立了一个餐饮俱乐部，后来取名为地质学会。学会每月碰一次头，一边喝一两杯马德拉白葡萄酒，吃一顿交际饭，一边交换对地质学的看法。

The price of the meal was set at a deliberately⁴ hefty fifteen shillings to discourage those whose qualifications were merely cerebral⁵. It soon became apparent, however, that there was a demand for something more properly institutional, with a permanent headquarters, where people could gather to share and discuss new findings. In barely a decade membership grew to four hundred—still all gentlemen, of course—and the Geological was threatening to eclipse the Royal as the premier⁶ scientific society in the country.

这顿饭的价钱故意定在昂贵的15先令，以便使那些没有头脑的人望而却步。然而，事情很快就变得一清二楚，需要有个设有永久性总部的合适机构，人们可以在那里分享和讨论新的发现。不到10年，成员就发展到400名——当然仍都是绅士--地质学会看来要使皇家学会相形见绌，成为该国的首要科学社团。

1 tavern   

n.小旅馆，客栈；小酒店

参考例句：

• There is a tavern at the corner of the street.街道的拐角处有一家酒馆。
• Philip always went to the tavern,with a sense of pleasure.菲利浦总是心情愉快地来到这家酒菜馆。

2 swap   

n.交换；vt.交换，用...作交易

参考例句：

• I will swap you my bicycle for your radio.我想拿我的自行车换你的收音机。
• This comic was a swap that I got from Nick.这本漫画书是我从尼克那里换来的。

3 convivial   

adj.狂欢的，欢乐的

参考例句：

• The atmosphere was quite convivial.气氛非常轻松愉快。
• I found it odd to imagine a nation of convivial diners surrendering their birthright.我发现很难想象让这样一个喜欢热热闹闹吃饭的民族放弃他们的习惯。

4 deliberately   

adv.审慎地；蓄意地；故意地

参考例句：

• The girl gave the show away deliberately.女孩故意泄露秘密。
• They deliberately shifted off the argument.他们故意回避这个论点。

5 cerebral   

adj.脑的，大脑的；有智力的，理智型的

参考例句：

• Your left cerebral hemisphere controls the right-hand side of your body.你的左半脑控制身体的右半身。
• He is a precise,methodical,cerebral man who carefully chooses his words.他是一个一丝不苟、有条理和理智的人，措辞谨慎。

6 premier   

adj.首要的；n.总理，首相

参考例句：

• The Irish Premier is paying an official visit to Britain.爱尔兰总理正在对英国进行正式访问。
• He requested that the premier grant him an internview.他要求那位总理接见他一次。