万物简史 第182期:爱因斯坦的宇宙(25)

 　　Hubble's luck was to come along soon after an ingenious woman named Henrietta Swan Leavitt had figured out a way to do so. Leavitt worked at the Harvard College Observatory¹ as a computer, as they were known. Computers spent their lives studying photographic plates of stars and making computations—hence the name. It was little more than drudgery² by another name, but it was as close as women could get to real astronomy at Harvard—or indeed pretty much anywhere—in those days. The system, however unfair, did have certain unexpected benefits: it meant that half the finest minds available were directed to work that would otherwise have attracted little reflective attention, and it ensured that women ended up with an appreciation³ of the fine structure of the cosmos⁴ that often eluded⁵ their male counterparts.

　　哈勃的好运气来了。此前不久，有一位名叫亨利埃塔·斯旺·莱维特的才女想出了一种找到这类恒星的方法。莱维特在哈佛大学学院天文台担任当时所谓的计算员。计算员终生研究恒星的照片并进行计算——计算员由此得名。计算员不过是个干苦活的代名词。但是，在那个年代，无论在哈佛大学，还是在任何地方，这是妇女离天文学最近的地方。这种制度虽然不大公平，但也有某个意想不到的好处：这意味着半数最聪明的脑子会投入本来不大会有人来动脑子的工作，确保妇女最终能觉察到男同事们往往会疏忽的宇宙之细微结构。

　　爱因斯坦与Henri Bergson

　　One Harvard computer, Annie Jump Cannon⁶, used her repetitive acquaintance with the stars to devise a system of stellar classifications so practical that it is still in use today. Leavitt's contribution was even more profound. She noticed that a type of star known as a Cepheid variable (after the constellation⁷ Cepheus, where it first was identified) pulsated⁸ with a regular rhythm—a kind of stellar heartbeat. Cepheids are quite rare, but at least one of them is well known to most of us. Polaris, the Pole Star, is a Cepheid.

　　有一位名叫安妮·江普·坎农的哈佛大学计算员利用她熟悉恒星的有利条件，发明了一种恒星分类系统。这种系统如此实用，直到今天还在使用。莱维特的贡献更加意义深远。她注意到，有一种名叫造父变星（以仙王星座命名，第一颗造父变星就是在那里发现的）的恒星在有节奏地搏动——一种星体的“心跳”。造父变星是极少见的，但至少其中之一是我们大多数人所熟悉的。北极星就是一颗造父变星。

1 observatory   

n.天文台，气象台，瞭望台，观测台

参考例句：

• Guy's house was close to the observatory.盖伊的房子离天文台很近。
• Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day.格林威治天文台的职员们每天对大钟检查两次。

2 drudgery   

n.苦工，重活，单调乏味的工作

参考例句：

• People want to get away from the drudgery of their everyday lives.人们想摆脱日常生活中单调乏味的工作。
• He spent his life in pointlessly tiresome drudgery.他的一生都在做毫无意义的烦人的苦差事。

3 appreciation   

n.评价；欣赏；感谢；领会，理解；价格上涨

参考例句：

• I would like to express my appreciation and thanks to you all.我想对你们所有人表达我的感激和谢意。
• I'll be sending them a donation in appreciation of their help.我将送给他们一笔捐款以感谢他们的帮助。

4 cosmos   

n.宇宙；秩序，和谐

参考例句：

• Our world is but a small part of the cosmos.我们的世界仅仅是宇宙的一小部分而已。
• Is there any other intelligent life elsewhere in the cosmos?在宇宙的其他星球上还存在别的有智慧的生物吗？

5 eluded   

v.（尤指机敏地）避开( elude的过去式和过去分词 )；逃避；躲避；使达不到

参考例句：

• The sly fox nimbly eluded the dogs. 那只狡猾的狐狸灵活地躲避开那群狗。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The criminal eluded the police. 那个罪犯甩掉了警察的追捕。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

6 cannon   

n.大炮，火炮；飞机上的机关炮

参考例句：

• The soldiers fired the cannon.士兵们开炮。
• The cannon thundered in the hills.大炮在山间轰鸣。

7 constellation   

n.星座n.灿烂的一群

参考例句：

• A constellation is a pattern of stars as seen from the earth. 一个星座只是从地球上看到的某些恒星的一种样子。
• The Big Dipper is not by itself a constellation. 北斗七星本身不是一个星座。

8 pulsated   

v.有节奏地舒张及收缩( pulsate的过去式和过去分词 )；跳动；脉动；受（激情）震动

参考例句：

• A regular rhythm pulsated in our ears. 一种平均的节奏在我们耳边颤动着。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The city pulsated with music and excitement. 这个城市随着音乐和激情而脉动。 来自互联网