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万物简史 第591期:生命的物质(17)

时间:2019-08-08 09:20来源:互联网 提供网友:nan   字体: [ ]
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Rosalind Franklin did not share in the Nobel Prize. She died of ovarian cancer at the age of just thirty-seven in 1958, four years before the award was granted. Nobel Prizes are not awarded posthumously1. The cancer almost certainly arose as a result of chronic2 overexposure to X-rays through her work and needn't have happened. In her much-praised 2002 biography of Franklin, Brenda Maddox noted3 that Franklin rarely wore a lead apron4 and often stepped carelessly in front of a beam. Oswald Avery never won a Nobel Prize either and was also largely overlooked by posterity5, though he did at least have the satisfaction of living just long enough to see his findings vindicated6. He died in 1955.

罗萨林·富兰克林没有分享诺贝尔奖。1958年,诺贝尔奖须发4年之前,她因卵巢癌而去世,年仅37岁,她得这种癌症几乎肯定是由于在工作时长期接触X光射线所致,这本来是可以避免的。在2002年出版的一本颇受好评的富兰克林的传记里,布伦达·马克多斯说,富兰克林很少穿防辐射服,并且常常漫不经心地走到X光前。奥斯瓦尔德·埃弗雷也没有获得诺贝尔奖,而且在很大程度上被后人所忽视。他死前至少有一点是令他满意的,这就是他看到自己的发现被证明是正确的。他死于1955年。

Watson and Crick's discovery wasn't actually confirmed until the 1980s. As Crick said in one of his books: "It took over twenty-five years for our model of DNA7 to go from being only rather plausible8, to being very plausible ... and from there to being virtually certainly correct."

沃森和克里克的发现实际上到了20世纪80年代才最终得到确认。正如克里克在他的一本书中所说的:“我们的DNA模型从被认为似乎是有道理的,到似乎是非常有道理的……再到最终被证明是完全正确的,用了25年的时间。

Even so, with the structure of DNA understood progress in genetics was swift, and by 1968 the journal Science could run an article titled "That Was the Molecular9 Biology That Was," suggesting — it hardly seems possible, but it is so — that the work of genetics was nearly at an end.

即便如此,随着对DNA的结构的了解,人们在遗传学方面的研究进展神速。1968年,《科学》杂志敢于发表一篇题为《生物学即分子生物学》的文章,认为——这似乎是不大可能的,但确实是这么看的——遗传学的研究已经接近终点了。

In fact, of course, it was only just beginning. Even now there is a great deal about DNA that we scarcely understand, not least why so much of it doesn't actually seem to do anything.

实际上,这当然仅仅是开始。即使到了今天,我们对于DNA仍有许多未解之谜。比如说,为什么这么多DNA似乎不做任何事情。


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1 posthumously posthumously     
adv.于死后,于身后;于著作者死后出版地
参考例句:
  • He was confirmed posthumously as a member of the Chinese Communist Party. 他被追认为中国共产党党员。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Her last book was published posthumously in 1948. 她最后的一本书在她死后于1948 年出版了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
2 chronic BO9zl     
adj.(疾病)长期未愈的,慢性的;极坏的
参考例句:
  • Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
  • Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。
3 noted 5n4zXc     
adj.著名的,知名的
参考例句:
  • The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
  • Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。
4 apron Lvzzo     
n.围裙;工作裙
参考例句:
  • We were waited on by a pretty girl in a pink apron.招待我们的是一位穿粉红色围裙的漂亮姑娘。
  • She stitched a pocket on the new apron.她在新围裙上缝上一只口袋。
5 posterity D1Lzn     
n.后裔,子孙,后代
参考例句:
  • Few of his works will go down to posterity.他的作品没有几件会流传到后世。
  • The names of those who died are recorded for posterity on a tablet at the back of the church.死者姓名都刻在教堂后面的一块石匾上以便后人铭记。
6 vindicated e1cc348063d17c5a30190771ac141bed     
v.澄清(某人/某事物)受到的责难或嫌疑( vindicate的过去式和过去分词 );表明或证明(所争辩的事物)属实、正当、有效等;维护
参考例句:
  • I have every confidence that this decision will be fully vindicated. 我完全相信这一决定的正确性将得到充分证明。
  • Subsequent events vindicated the policy. 后来的事实证明那政策是对的。 来自《简明英汉词典》
7 DNA 4u3z1l     
(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸
参考例句:
  • DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
  • Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。
8 plausible hBCyy     
adj.似真实的,似乎有理的,似乎可信的
参考例句:
  • His story sounded plausible.他说的那番话似乎是真实的。
  • Her story sounded perfectly plausible.她的说辞听起来言之有理。
9 molecular mE9xh     
adj.分子的;克分子的
参考例句:
  • The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms.这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。
  • For the pressure to become zero, molecular bombardment must cease.当压强趋近于零时,分子的碰撞就停止了。
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