万物简史 第603期:生命的物质(29)

It can all begin to seem impossibly complicated, and in some ways itis impossibly complicated. But there is an underlying¹ simplicity² in all this, too, owing to an equally elemental underlying unity³ in the way life works. All the tiny, deft⁴ chemical processes that animate⁵ cells — the cooperative efforts of nucleotides, the transcription of DNA⁶ into RNA — evolved just once and have stayed pretty well fixed⁷ ever since across the whole of nature. As the late French geneticist Jacques Monod put it, only half in jest: "Anything that is true of E. coli must be true of elephants, except more so."

一切可能从一开始就似乎难以想像的复杂，一切在某种程度上也确实难以想像的复杂，但是，所有这一切又都有一条简单的底线，因为生命的运作方式说到底都是一样的。所有赋予细胞生命的细微而灵巧的化学过程——核苷酸的协调一致：从DNA到RNA的信息传递——在整个自然界只演变过一次，而且至今保持得十分完好。正如已故的法国遗传学家雅奎斯·莫诺半开玩笑地所指出的那样：“大肠杆菌如此，大象也是如此，只是更加如此。”

Every living thing is an elaboration on a single original plan. As humans we are mere⁸ increments⁹ — each of us a musty archive of adjustments, adaptations, modifications¹⁰, and providential tinkerings stretching back 3.8 billion years. Remarkably¹¹, we are even quite closely related to fruit and vegetables. About half the chemical functions that take place in a banana are fundamentally the same as the chemical functions that take place in you.

一切生物都是从原先同一蓝图发展起来的产物。作为人类我们不过是发展得更加充分而已——我们每一个人都是一本保存38亿年之久的发霉记录本，涵盖了反反复复的调整、改造、变更和修补。令人惊讶的是，我们甚至与水果、蔬菜十分接近。发生在一根香蕉里的化学反应，和发生在你身上的化学反应约有50%在本质上是一样的。

It cannot be said too often: all life is one. That is, and I suspect will forever prove to be, the most profound true statement there is.

这句话怎么多说也不会过分：所有生命都是一家。这句话现在是，恐怕将来也将永远证明是世间最为深邃的真情告白。

1 underlying   

adj.在下面的，含蓄的，潜在的

参考例句：

• The underlying theme of the novel is very serious.小说隐含的主题是十分严肃的。
• This word has its underlying meaning.这个单词有它潜在的含义。

2 simplicity   

n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯

参考例句：

• She dressed with elegant simplicity.她穿着朴素高雅。
• The beauty of this plan is its simplicity.简明扼要是这个计划的一大特点。

3 unity   

n.团结，联合，统一；和睦，协调

参考例句：

• When we speak of unity,we do not mean unprincipled peace.所谓团结，并非一团和气。
• We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.大敌当前，我们必须加强团结。

4 deft   

adj.灵巧的，熟练的（a deft hand 能手）

参考例句：

• The pianist has deft fingers.钢琴家有灵巧的双手。
• This bird,sharp of eye and deft of beak,can accurately peck the flying insects in the air.这只鸟眼疾嘴快，能准确地把空中的飞虫啄住。

5 animate   

v.赋于生命，鼓励；adj.有生命的，有生气的

参考例句：

• We are animate beings,living creatures.我们是有生命的存在，有生命的动物。
• The girls watched,little teasing smiles animating their faces.女孩们注视着，脸上挂着调皮的微笑，显得愈加活泼。

6 DNA   

(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸

参考例句：

• DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
• Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。

7 fixed   

adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的

参考例句：

• Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗？
• Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定，我们就不应该随意改变。

8 mere   

adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过

参考例句：

• That is a mere repetition of what you said before.那不过是重复了你以前讲的话。
• It's a mere waste of time waiting any longer.再等下去纯粹是浪费时间。

9 increments   

n.增长( increment的名词复数 )；增量；增额；定期的加薪

参考例句：

• These increments were mixed and looked into the 5.56mm catridge case. 将各种药粒进行混和，装在5．56毫米的弹壳中。 来自辞典例句
• The Rankine scale has scale increments equal to the FahrenheIt'scale. 兰氏温标的温度间距与华氏温标的相同。 来自辞典例句

10 modifications   

n.缓和( modification的名词复数 )；限制；更改；改变

参考例句：

• The engine was pulled apart for modifications and then reassembled. 发动机被拆开改型，然后再组装起来。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The original plan had undergone fairly extensive modifications. 原计划已经作了相当大的修改。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 remarkably   

ad.不同寻常地，相当地

参考例句：

• I thought she was remarkably restrained in the circumstances. 我认为她在那种情况下非常克制。
• He made a remarkably swift recovery. 他康复得相当快。