戒烟疫苗的临床试验

It's a drag, day after day for Michael Harwood, 41 years of smoking cigarettes.

It's time I need to stop. They're gonna kill me young if I don't.

Right now he puffs¹ a pack and a half a day. At his peak, it was about 4 packs a day while drinking alcohol. By his own account, he's tried to quit 10 times; his longest streak² without a smoke is 3 days.

Inside I don't feel well. My lungs have been bothering me. I get bronchitis quite a bit.

That's why he is here at the University of Wisconsin Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention³. Howard is participating in a nicotine⁴ vaccine⁵ study. Doctor Douglas Jorenby is leading the research on the new vaccine called NicVax.

Rather than working on pathways in the brain, it's keeping nicotine from getting there in the first place. And the thought is that that may make it easier for people to quit smoking if they are not experiencing the,the pleasurable effects of it.

Harwood is getting his first shot. Over the period of a year, he will get 4 or 5 injections and keep track of his vital signs daily with an electronic diary. The vaccine is not approved by the FDA. But Doctor Jorenby is looking forward to the results of the study.

The preliminary data we have is that it's gonna be a good way to quit smoking. I don't think we're ever gonna find a magic bullet.

The study will enroll⁶ 300 people around the country including 30 right here at the University of Wisconsin. 2/3 of the smokers⁷ in the study will get the vaccine and the other 1/3 will receive a placebo⁸ shot. Neither Harwood or the Doctors will know what shot he's getting until the end of the study. He hopes NicVax is the key to unlocking his nicotine addiction⁹ since less than 10% of smokers successfully quit.

Mark Carlson, Associated Press, Madison, Wisconsin.

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puff:to smoke a cigarette,pipe,etc. 吸烟
bronchitis:an illness affecting your bronchial tubes in which you cough and find breathing difficult 支气管炎
vital sign:usually an indicator of a person's general physical condition 生命体征
magic bullet:A remedy that cures or prevents a disease 治疗方法
placebo:a substance that is not medicine but that a patient who is taking it believes is medicine,so they get better 安慰剂

1 puffs   

n.吸( puff的名词复数 )；（烟斗或香烟的）一吸；一缕（烟、蒸汽等）；（呼吸或风的）呼v.使喷出( puff的第三人称单数 )；喷着汽（或烟）移动；吹嘘；吹捧

参考例句：

• We sat exchanging puffs from that wild pipe of his. 我们坐在那里，轮番抽着他那支野里野气的烟斗。 来自辞典例句
• Puffs of steam and smoke came from the engine. 一股股蒸汽和烟雾从那火车头里冒出来。 来自辞典例句

2 streak   

n.条理，斑纹，倾向，少许，痕迹；v.加条纹，变成条纹，奔驰，快速移动

参考例句：

• The Indians used to streak their faces with paint.印第安人过去常用颜料在脸上涂条纹。
• Why did you streak the tree?你为什么在树上刻条纹？

3 intervention   

n.介入，干涉，干预

参考例句：

• The government's intervention in this dispute will not help.政府对这场争论的干预不会起作用。
• Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention.许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。

4 nicotine   

n.(化)尼古丁，烟碱

参考例句：

• Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily.许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。
• Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily.许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。

5 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

6 enroll   

v.招收；登记；入学；参军；成为会员（英)enrol

参考例句：

• I should like to enroll all my children in the swimming class.我愿意让我的孩子们都参加游泳班。
• They enroll him as a member of the club.他们吸收他为俱乐部会员。

7 smokers   

吸烟者( smoker的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily. 许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。
• Chain smokers don't care about the dangers of smoking. 烟鬼似乎不在乎吸烟带来的种种危害。

8 placebo   

n.安慰剂；宽慰话

参考例句：

• The placebo has been found to work with a lot of different cases.人们已发现安慰剂能在很多不同的病例中发挥作用。
• The placebo effect refers to all the observable behaviors caused by placebo.安慰剂效应是指由安慰剂所引起的可观察的行为。

9 addiction   

n.上瘾入迷，嗜好

参考例句：

• He stole money from his parents to feed his addiction.他从父母那儿偷钱以满足自己的嗜好。
• Areas of drug dealing are hellholes of addiction,poverty and murder.贩卖毒品的地区往往是吸毒上瘾、贫困和发生谋杀的地方。