侏罗纪搏击俱乐部 第88期:骨头上的深深划痕是谁所为

 One of the things that tells us that it's actually a more primitive¹ dinosaur².

这一点说明它是一种较为原始的恐龙。

Now, the third and forth³ fingers are very small, probably not very functionally⁴ effective.

它的第三和第四只手指很小，可能起不到什么作用。

The hand of Ceratosaurus having shorter fingers, even though it had four fingers, was definitely not as good for slashing⁵ prey⁶.

角鼻龙尽管有第四只手指但是较短的手指肯定不适用于划割猎物。

Ceratosaurus had very deep skull⁷ with, for its size, extremely big teeth.

角鼻龙颅骨很大，就它的体型而言，牙也异常巨大。

So this guy was focusing on the head as its weapon, not its claws.

这家伙的重点以它的头为武器，而不是爪子。

During the Jurassic period over 115 million years ago, Ceratosaurus stood out as an apex⁸ predator⁹.

在一亿一千五百万年前的侏罗纪时期，角鼻龙是顶级掠食者。

The Rocky Mountain region of America where it lived would be unrecognizable today.

它们生活的美洲落基山脉地区与现在完全不同。

Back during the late Jurassic in what's now the Rocky Mountain region, the entire landscape was essentially¹⁰ flat.

回溯侏罗纪时期，现在的落基山脉的地区那时整个的地貌基本是平的。

Rivers were pretty much flowing across the flood plain from west to east.

河流从西向东穿过涝原滔滔不绝。

The entire flood plain was probably scattered¹¹ with, with rivers, with ponds and lakes, and large meadows.

整个涝原很可能点缀着河流、池塘、湖泊和大片的草场。

In between the rivers, it might have been a little bit drier.

在河流之间，可能会比较干燥。

We know that this aridity¹² may have caused animals to locate themselves more closely along the rivers and along the belts of vegetation that surround the rivers.

这种地区的贫瘠可能会导致动物们把它们自己更近地沿着河流和河流周围的植被带安置。

Ceratosaurus was perfectly¹³ designed for hunting in the densely¹⁴ forested areas that surrounded the river systems.

角鼻龙的设计非常适合在水系周围的浓密森林里狩猎。

When it attacked, clearly it used one of its very effective weapons - its blade-like teeth.

它攻击时，肯定会用到它高效的武器，它那刀一般的牙齿。

When you look at the skull of a Ceratosaurus, you'll notice that they have two different tooth designs.

在看角鼻龙的头骨时你会注意到它们有两种不同牙齿设计。

The teeth in the lower jaw¹⁵ are very typical of predatory dinosaurs¹⁶', come to a pretty sharp edge and pretty devastating¹⁷.

下颌的牙齿是非常典型的掠食恐龙的牙齿，牙边缘锋利破坏性很大。

But the upper teeth are immensely long.

但是上面的牙齿异常地长。

You talk about an overbite.

咬合力肯定惊人。

This guy's upper teeth are incredibly long and those teeth are shaped exactly like the blade of a knife, and they are serrated.

这家伙上面的牙齿出奇地长而且那些牙的形状就像是刀刃，而且边缘呈锯齿状。

Those teeth did some dirty work.

这些牙干过很可怕的事。

These teeth would've certainly ripped through any flesh.

这些牙齿肯定能撕开任何肉体。

And one of the problems of the teeth though, is they certainly are not as strong as other teeth in theropod dinosaurs laterally¹⁸.

但是这些牙齿的问题之一是，横向上它们肯定没有其它兽脚亚目恐龙的结实。

So a Ceratosaurus maybe could not have grabbed a large animal with its mouth and then shook the prey within its mouth.

所以角鼻龙可能不能用嘴叼住大动物然后在它的最里面甩动猎物。

Their teeth were razor sharp, but paleontologists discovered something intriguing¹⁹.

角鼻龙的牙齿刀一般锋利，但是古生物学家发现了一件有趣的事。

They were not designed to cut bone and its less than powerful hand claws did not appear capable of slashing bone.

它们并非是用来切断骨头的，而角鼻龙不太强壮的前肢爪子看来也没法划开骨头。

So Ceratosaurus may not have been responsible for the deep gash²⁰ marks found on the bones from the site.

所以这些在骨头上面留下的深深划痕可能并不是角鼻龙的杰作。

1 primitive   

adj.原始的；简单的；n.原(始)人，原始事物

参考例句：

• It is a primitive instinct to flee a place of danger.逃离危险的地方是一种原始本能。
• His book describes the march of the civilization of a primitive society.他的著作描述了一个原始社会的开化过程。

2 dinosaur   

n.恐龙

参考例句：

• Are you trying to tell me that David was attacked by a dinosaur?你是想要告诉我大卫被一支恐龙所攻击？
• He stared at the faithful miniature of the dinosaur.他凝视著精确的恐龙缩小模型。

3 forth   

adv.向前；向外，往外

参考例句：

• The wind moved the trees gently back and forth.风吹得树轻轻地来回摇晃。
• He gave forth a series of works in rapid succession.他很快连续发表了一系列的作品。

4 functionally   

adv.机能上地，官能地

参考例句：

• Objective To explore occlusion reconstruction by computer aided design (CAD) with functionally-generated pathway (FGP). 目的探索借助功能性？记录(functionally-generated pathway,FGP)技术进行口腔固定修复体计算机辅助设计(Computer aided Design,CAD)生理性建？的方法。 来自互联网
• In this respect, the proceeding was functionally similar to a comparative licensing adjudication. 在这一点上，手续在作用上即类似于比较许可证发放的裁断。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法

5 slashing   

adj.尖锐的；苛刻的；鲜明的；乱砍的v.挥砍( slash的现在分词 )；鞭打；割破；削减

参考例句：

• Slashing is the first process in which liquid treatment is involved. 浆纱是液处理的第一过程。 来自辞典例句
• He stopped slashing his horse. 他住了手，不去鞭打他的马了。 来自辞典例句

6 prey   

n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨

参考例句：

• Stronger animals prey on weaker ones.弱肉强食。
• The lion was hunting for its prey.狮子在寻找猎物。

7 skull   

n.头骨；颅骨

参考例句：

• The skull bones fuse between the ages of fifteen and twenty-five.头骨在15至25岁之间长合。
• He fell out of the window and cracked his skull.他从窗子摔了出去，跌裂了颅骨。

8 apex   

n.顶点，最高点

参考例句：

• He reached the apex of power in the early 1930s.他在三十年代初达到了权力的顶峰。
• His election to the presidency was the apex of his career.当选总统是他一生事业的顶峰。

9 predator   

n.捕食其它动物的动物；捕食者

参考例句：

• The final part of this chapter was devoted to a brief summary of predator species.本章最后部分简要总结了食肉动物。
• Komodo dragon is the largest living lizard and a fearsome predator.科摩多龙是目前存在的最大蜥蜴，它是一种令人恐惧的捕食性动物。

10 essentially   

adv.本质上，实质上，基本上

参考例句：

• Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
• She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。

11 scattered   

adj.分散的，稀疏的；散步的；疏疏落落的

参考例句：

• Gathering up his scattered papers,he pushed them into his case.他把散乱的文件收拾起来，塞进文件夹里。

12 aridity   

n.干旱，乏味；干燥性；荒芜

参考例句：

• The name Sahara conjures up images of a desert of aridity. "撒哈拉"这个名字使人想起干旱的沙漠情景。 来自辞典例句
• The name conjures up images of a desert of aridity. “撒哈拉”这个名字使人想起“干旱”的沙漠情景。 来自互联网

13 perfectly   

adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said.证人们个个对自己所说的话十分肯定。
• Everything that we're doing is all perfectly above board.我们做的每件事情都是光明正大的。

14 densely   

ad.密集地；浓厚地

参考例句：

• A grove of trees shadowed the house densely. 树丛把这幢房子遮蔽得很密实。
• We passed through miles of densely wooded country. 我们穿过好几英里茂密的林地。

15 jaw   

n.颚，颌，说教，流言蜚语；v.喋喋不休，教训

参考例句：

• He delivered a right hook to his opponent's jaw.他给了对方下巴一记右钩拳。
• A strong square jaw is a sign of firm character.强健的方下巴是刚毅性格的标志。

16 dinosaurs   

n.恐龙( dinosaur的名词复数 )；守旧落伍的人，过时落后的东西

参考例句：

• The brontosaurus was one of the largest of all dinosaurs. 雷龙是所有恐龙中最大的一种。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Dinosaurs have been extinct for millions of years. 恐龙绝种已有几百万年了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

17 devastating   

adj.毁灭性的，令人震惊的，强有力的

参考例句：

• It is the most devastating storm in 20 years.这是20年来破坏性最大的风暴。
• Affairs do have a devastating effect on marriages.婚外情确实会对婚姻造成毁灭性的影响。

18 laterally   

ad.横向地；侧面地；旁边地

参考例句：

• Shafts were sunk, with tunnels dug laterally. 竖井已经打下，并且挖有横向矿道。
• When the plate becomes unstable, it buckles laterally. 当板失去稳定时，就发生横向屈曲。

19 intriguing   

adj.有趣的；迷人的v.搞阴谋诡计(intrigue的现在分词)；激起…的好奇心

参考例句：

• These discoveries raise intriguing questions. 这些发现带来了非常有趣的问题。
• It all sounds very intriguing. 这些听起来都很有趣。 来自《简明英汉词典》

20 gash   

v.深切，划开；n.(深长的)切(伤)口；裂缝

参考例句：

• The deep gash in his arm would take weeks to heal over.他胳膊上的割伤很深，需要几个星期的时间才能痊愈。
• After the collision,the body of the ship had a big gash.船被撞后，船身裂开了一个大口子。