写作中常见的语法错误

 　　在下面的十组例句中，第一句是病句，第二句则是改正过来的句子。

　　一、句子之间缺少过渡性的单词或词组

　　① Salmons¹ swim upstream, they leap over huge dams to reach their destination.

　　② Salmons swim upstream, and then they leap over huge dams to reach their destination.

　　二、省字号(')的滥用

　　① the government's plan

　　② the plan of the government

　　三、代词之间的性、数、格不一致

　　① Everyone has their homework.

　　② Everyone has his (or her) homework.

　　四、主句与从句的顺序不当

　　① Some of the new dot-com millionaires found out the party was over, after the NASDAQ value dropped by over two thirds.

　　② After the NASDAQ value dropped by over two thirds, some of the new dot-com millionaires found out the party was over.

　　五、双重否定

　　① Barely no one noticed that the pop star lip-synched during the whole performance.

　　② Barely anyone noticed that the pop star lip-synched during the whole performance.

　　六、修饰语、插入语的位置不当

　　① The forest fire, no longer held in check by the exhausted² firefighters, jumped the firebreak.

　　② No longer held in check by the exhausted firefighters, the forest fire jumped the firebreak.

　　七、意义含糊的先行词

　　① The band members collected his and her uniforms.

　　② The band members collected their uniforms.

　　八、介词和冠词的滥用

　　① The project of the government reduces the costs of production of the private firms.

　　② The government project reduces the production costs of private firms.

　　九、句子缺少成分

　　① When aiming for the highest returns, and also thinking about the possible losses.

　　② When aiming for the highest returns, investors³ also should think about the possible losses.

　　十、忘记断句

　　① I do not recall what kind of printer it was all I remember is that it could sort, staple⁴, and print a packet at the same time.

　　② I do not recall what kind of printer it was. All I remember is that it could sort, staple, and print a packet at the same time.

1 salmons   

n.鲑鱼，大马哈鱼( salmon的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• There are many salmons inside this river. 这条河里有许多鲑鱼。 来自辞典例句
• Hundreds and hundreds of salmons leap up the falls. 数以百计的鲑鱼跳向瀑布。 来自互联网

2 exhausted   

adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的

参考例句：

• It was a long haul home and we arrived exhausted.搬运回家的这段路程特别长，到家时我们已筋疲力尽。
• Jenny was exhausted by the hustle of city life.珍妮被城市生活的忙乱弄得筋疲力尽。

3 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

4 staple   

n.主要产物，常用品，主要要素，原料，订书钉，钩环；adj.主要的，重要的；vt.分类

参考例句：

• Tea is the staple crop here.本地产品以茶叶为大宗。
• Potatoes are the staple of their diet.土豆是他们的主要食品。