新概念一册主要语法点（二）

 　　3. 一般过去时

　　表示过去发生的动作或事件，

　　常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago,

　　含有be动词的句子， 将动词变为过去式，am, is的过去式为was²，are的过去式为were

　　I was at the butcher’s.

　　You were a student a year ago.

　　The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago.

　　★变疑问句将be动词移动到句首

　　Were you at the butcher’s?

　　Were you a student a year ago?

　　Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago?

　　★变否定句在be动词后面加not

　　I was not at the butcher’s.

　　You were not a student a year ago.

　　The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago.

　　★肯定回答否定回答

　　Yes, I was. No, I was not.

　　Yes, you were. No, you were not.

　　Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not.

　　★特殊疑问句：

　　What did³ you do?

　　(必背)

　　不含有be动词的句子，将动词变为过去式，动词过去式构成见附录

　　I finished⁴ my homework yesterday.

　　The boy went to a restaurant.

　　The Sawyers lived at King⁵ Streeta year ago.

　　★变疑问句在句首加did，

　　动词变为原型

　　Did you finish your homework yesterday?

　　Did the boy go to a restaurant?

　　Did the Sawyers live at King Streeta year ago?

　　★变否定句在主语和动词之间加did not

　　I did not finish my homework yesterday.

　　The boy did not go to a restaurant.

　　The Sawyers did not live at King Streeta year ago.

　　★肯定回答及否定回答

　　Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.

　　Yes, he did. No, he didn’t.

　　Yes, they did. No, they did not.

　　4. 现在完成时

　　构成：主语+助动词have, has+过去分词

　　用法：

　　1)

　　表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和just, usually, already⁶, since⁷等时间副词连用

　　I have just had⁸ lunch. (饱了，不用再吃了)

　　He has had a cup of tea.（不渴了，不用再喝）

　　They have already had their holiday. （不能再度假了）

　　The boy has already read the book. （已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了）

　　2)

　　询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：

　　Have you finished your homework?

　　Have you been to Beijing?Have he seen⁹ the film?

　　3)

　　表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作

　　I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.

　　4)

　　表示一种经历，经验：去过…地方，做过…事情，经历过…事情

　　I have never had a bath.

　　I have never seen a film.

　　I have never been to cinema.

　　I have ever¹⁰ been to Paris.Have been to表示去过，have gone to 表示去了

　　I have been to London.(人已经回来)

　　He has gone to London.（人还在那里）

　　5)

　　表示一种结果，

　　一般不和时间副词联用

　　I have lost my pen.

　　I have hurt myself¹¹.

　　He has become a teacher.

　　She has broken¹² my heart¹³.

　　句型变化：

　　★变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否定句在助动词后面加not.

　　e¹.g. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.

　　★肯定回答及否定回答

　　Yes, I have. No, I have not.

　　★特殊疑问句：

　　What have you done?

　　What has he done?

　　一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：

　　凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时

　　注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不能再延续，因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用

　　错：I’ve left Beijing for 3 days.

　　对：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being¹⁴ for 3 days.

1 e   

n.英语字母表的第5个字母；C大调音阶中的第三音

参考例句：

• The "e" in " time" is a silent letter. time中的e不发音。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• You've made a mistake -- you've left out the letter e. 你出了一个错，把字母e 落了。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

2 was   

v.(is,am的过去式)是，在

参考例句：

• He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
• He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。

3 did   

v.动词do的过去式

参考例句：

• How many goals did you score in the last game?上一场比赛你们进了几个球？
• Why did you choose basketball in the first place?你为何首先选择篮球呢？

4 finished   

adj.完成的，精湛的；v.动词finish的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• We finished up everything there was on the table. 我们把桌上的东西全吃完了。
• We can certainly have the job finished on time.我们肯定能按时完成任务。

5 king   

n.君主，国王

参考例句：

• He was a good king!他是个好国王！
• The lion is the king of animals.狮子是百兽之王。

6 already   

adv.已经

参考例句：

• We have eaten already.我们已经吃过了。
• I've been there already,so I don't want to go again.我早已去过那里了，所以我不想再去了。

7 since   

adv.后来；conj.既然，因为，自从；prep.自从

参考例句：

• He's been working in a bank since leaving school.自从毕业后，他就一直在一家银行工作。
• I have known him ever since I was a child.我自孩提时代起就已经认识他了。

8 had   

vbl.have的过去式和过去分词；conj.有

参考例句：

• I just had a good idea!我有个好主意！
• The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。

9 seen   

vbl.(see的过去分词)看见

参考例句：

• Since I left college, I have not seen him.自从我离开大学以后，就没有见过他了。
• I hope to have seen the film next week.我希望下星期能看到这部电影。

10 ever   

adv.曾经；永远；不断地；在任何时候；究竟

参考例句：

• Have you ever been to hangzhou?你曾经去过杭州吗？
• I will be young and strong and beautiful for ever.我将永远年轻、强壮，永远漂亮。

11 myself   

pron.我自己

参考例句：

• Should I do it myself?我应该自己做吗？
• I woke up to find myself in the hospital.我醒来发现自己在医院里。

12 broken   

adj.坏掉的，患病的，被制服的，断掉的；vbl.break的过去分词

参考例句：

• He is mending a broken cup.他在修补破杯子。
• Something was broken in my engine.我的发动机里有个东西损坏了。

13 heart   

n.心，中心，要点；v.鼓起勇气，激励

参考例句：

• He is old in body but young in heart.他人老心不老。
• I thank you from the bottom of my heart.我从心坎里感谢你。

14 being   

n.存在；生存；生命存在，生命，人， 本质；art.在，有，是

参考例句：

• Can you explain to me the purpose of being?你能对我解释一下存在的目的吗？
• What is the purpose of our being?我们生存的目的是什么？