最高雅的毒舌：莎士比亚作品里最狠的10句吐槽

 From tripe-visaged rascal¹ to ass-head… William Shakespeare may have been born 450 years ago today (or thereabouts) but he sure knew how to put someone down in style. David and Ben Crystal, authors of the Oxford² Illustrated³ Shakespeare Dictionary, help you work out which insults to use and when!

　　从“蠢流氓”到“驴脑袋”……虽然威廉·莎士比亚出生于450年前(左右)，但他却知道怎么用当下的时髦话“吐槽”。现在，让《莎士比亚牛津插图词典》的作者戴维和本·克里斯托来教教你何时何地该如何吐槽吧。

　　1.Hermia calls Helena a “painted maypole”- presumably because she is tall, thin, and wears a lot of makeup⁴ in A Midsummer Night's Dream.

　　赫米娅把呼海伦娜称为一个“油漆过的五月柱”——大概是因为在《仲夏夜之梦》中，海伦娜又高又瘦，还画着大浓妆。

　　2. Maria calls Malvolio “a time-pleaser, an affectioned ass”- a follower⁵ of fashion and a pretentiousidiot in Twelfth Night.

　　玛利亚称呼马伏里奥为“时代的马屁精，装腔作势的蠢驴”——因为马伏里奥在《第十二夜》中过分追求时尚，像一个做作的傻瓜。

　　3. The Welsh Captain describes Pistol as a “rascally, scald [scabby], beggarly, lousy, pragging [show-off]knave⁶”in Henry 5.

　　在《亨利五世》中，威尔士亲王将皮斯托尔描述成一个“卑鄙下贱，像乞丐一样讨厌的，爱炫耀的流氓”。

　　4. Sebastian calls the Boatswain a “bawling, blasphemous⁷, incharitable dog”in The Tempest.

　　在《暴风雨》中，西巴斯辛骂水手长：“你这大喊大叫、血口喷人、没有心肝的狗东西”。

　　5. Kent says Oswald is a “knave, beggar, coward, pander⁸ [pimp], and the son and heir of a mongrelbitch”in King Lear.

　　在《李尔王》中，肯特这样形容奥斯华德：“又是流氓，又是叫花子，又是懦夫，又是皮条客，又是一条杂种老母狗的儿子。”

　　6. Antonio describes Claudio and Don Pedro as “scambling, outfacing, fashion-monging boys”-quarrelsome, bluffing⁹, and dandified in Much Ado About Nothing.

　　在《无事生非》中，安东尼奥描述克劳狄奥和唐?彼德罗“懒散，厚脸皮，爱赶时髦的小子”——争强好胜、虚张声势，打扮花哨。

　　7. Sir Toby calls Sir Andrew “an ass-head, and a coxcomb¹⁰, and a knave, a thin-faced knave, a gull¹¹!”- a simpleton in Twelfth Night.

　　在《第十二夜》中，托比爵士说安德鲁爵士是“蠢驴脑袋，纨绔子弟，无赖，没脸皮的无赖，骗子!”

　　8. Kent describes Oswald as a “base foot-ball player”- a game of the gutter¹² that nobles would never dream of playing in King Lear.

　　肯特将奥斯华德形容为“低下的足球运动员” ——在《李尔王》中，足球是一种为贵族所不齿的粗俗运动。

　　9. Prince Hal calls Falstaff a “whoreson impudent¹³ embossed rascal”- literally¹⁴, the son of a prostitute, and moreover one who's swollen¹⁵ or bulging¹⁶ out, like a boil in Henry IV Part 1.

　　在《亨利四世》第一部分中，哈尔王子将福斯塔夫形容为“令人憎恶的无耻流氓”。确实，福斯塔夫是妓女的儿子，而且他肥胖的身体肿胀得就像一个疖子。

　　10. Doll harangues¹⁷ the Beadle who is about to arrest her: “thou damned tripe-visaged rascal …thou paper-faced villain”in Henry IV Part 2.

　　在《亨利四世》第二部分中，多尔大声训斥要抓她的教区执事：“你这个该死的一脸蠢相的流氓……你这个面如纸色的恶棍。”

　　All these insults and much more can be found in David and Ben Crystal's stunningly¹⁸ useful book the Oxford Illustrated Shakespeare Dictionary.

　　在戴维和本编写的这本超级实用的《莎士比亚牛津插图词典》中，你能找到以上所有“吐槽”，同时还有更多讽刺语等待你去发现哦!

1 rascal   

n.流氓；不诚实的人

参考例句：

• If he had done otherwise,I should have thought him a rascal.如果他不这样做，我就认为他是个恶棍。
• The rascal was frightened into holding his tongue.这坏蛋吓得不敢往下说了。

2 Oxford   

n.牛津（英国城市）

参考例句：

• At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
• This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。

3 illustrated   

adj. 有插图的，列举的 动词illustrate的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• His lecture was illustrated with slides taken during the expedition. 他在讲演中使用了探险时拍摄到的幻灯片。
• The manufacturing Methods: Will be illustrated in the next chapter. 制作方法将在下一章说明。

4 makeup   

n.组织；性格；化装品

参考例句：

• Those who failed the exam take a makeup exam.这次考试不及格的人必须参加补考。
• Do you think her beauty could makeup for her stupidity?你认为她的美丽能弥补她的愚蠢吗？

5 follower   

n.跟随者；随员；门徒；信徒

参考例句：

• He is a faithful follower of his home football team.他是他家乡足球队的忠实拥护者。
• Alexander is a pious follower of the faith.亚历山大是个虔诚的信徒。

6 knave   

n.流氓；（纸牌中的）杰克

参考例句：

• Better be a fool than a knave.宁做傻瓜，不做无赖。
• Once a knave,ever a knave.一次成无赖，永远是无赖。

7 blasphemous   

adj.亵渎神明的，不敬神的

参考例句：

• The book was declared blasphemous and all copies ordered to be burnt.这本书被断定为亵渎神明之作，命令全数焚毀。
• The people in the room were shocked by his blasphemous language.满屋的人都对他那侮慢的语言感到愤慨。

8 pander   

v.迎合；n.拉皮条者，勾引者；帮人做坏事的人

参考例句：

• Don't pander to such people. 要迎合这样的人。
• Those novels pander to people's liking for stories about crime.那些小说迎合读者对犯罪故事的爱好。

9 bluffing   

n. 威吓，唬人 动词bluff的现在分词形式

参考例句：

• I don't think he'll shoot—I think he's just bluffing. 我认为他不会开枪—我想他不过是在吓唬人。
• He says he'll win the race, but he's only bluffing. 他说他会赢得这场比赛，事实上只是在吹牛。

10 coxcomb   

n.花花公子

参考例句：

• Jones was not so vain and senseless a coxcomb as to expect.琼斯并不是那么一个不自量，没头没脑的浪荡哥儿。
• He is a plausible coxcomb.他是个巧言令色的花花公子。

11 gull   

n.鸥；受骗的人；v.欺诈

参考例句：

• The ivory gull often follows polar bears to feed on the remains of seal kills.象牙海鸥经常跟在北极熊的后面吃剩下的海豹尸体。
• You are not supposed to gull your friends.你不应该欺骗你的朋友。

12 gutter   

n.沟，街沟，水槽，檐槽，贫民窟

参考例句：

• There's a cigarette packet thrown into the gutter.阴沟里有个香烟盒。
• He picked her out of the gutter and made her a great lady.他使她脱离贫苦生活，并成为贵妇。

13 impudent   

adj.鲁莽的，卑鄙的，厚颜无耻的

参考例句：

• She's tolerant toward those impudent colleagues.她对那些无礼的同事采取容忍的态度。
• The teacher threatened to kick the impudent pupil out of the room.老师威胁着要把这无礼的小学生撵出教室。

14 literally   

adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实

参考例句：

• He translated the passage literally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。
• Sometimes she would not sit down till she was literally faint.有时候，她不走到真正要昏厥了，决不肯坐下来。

15 swollen   

adj.肿大的，水涨的；v.使变大，肿胀

参考例句：

• Her legs had got swollen from standing up all day.因为整天站着，她的双腿已经肿了。
• A mosquito had bitten her and her arm had swollen up.蚊子叮了她，她的手臂肿起来了。

16 bulging   

膨胀； 凸出（部）； 打气； 折皱

参考例句：

• Her pockets were bulging with presents. 她的口袋里装满了礼物。
• Conscious of the bulging red folder, Nim told her,"Ask if it's important." 尼姆想到那个鼓鼓囊囊的红色文件夹便告诉她：“问问是不是重要的事。”

17 harangues   

n.高谈阔论的长篇演讲( harangue的名词复数 )v.高谈阔论( harangue的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• "This so aggravated Hitler's pent-up feelings that he burst forth into one of his old harangues. 这下可激发了希特勒憋在心里的情绪，他居然故伎重演，破口大骂起来。 来自名作英译部分
• There is, however, a new self-confidence these days in China's familiar harangues anything it deems sovereign. 然而近来中国在针对认为涉及到其主权问题的说辞上表现出一种新的自信。 来自互联网

18 stunningly   

ad.令人目瞪口呆地；惊人地

参考例句：

• The cooks, seamstresses and other small investors are stunningly vulnerable to reversals. 那些厨师、裁缝及其他的小投资者非常容易受到股市逆转的影响。
• The production cost of this huge passenger liner is stunningly high. 这艘船城造价之高令人惊叹。