托福语法：各类名词辨析

 　　1. 不可数名词:

　　Furniture luggage clothing equipment poetry jewelry¹

　　machinery² weaponry scenery information knowledge evidence

　　foliage³ health advertising⁴

　　2.学科名词(不可数，不加冠词):

　　mathematics economics statistics physics politics mechanics

　　genetics geology geography chemistry philosophy biology

　　history astronomy

　　3. 单复数特殊名词:

　　man/men woman/women tooth/teeth foot/feet goose/geese

　　basis/bases analysis/analyses crisis/crises hypothesis/hypotheses

　　axis/axes alga/algae larva/larvae fungus/fungi stimulus/stimuli

　　datum/data bacterium/bacteria medium/media spectrum/spectra

　　mouse/mice child/children phenomenon/phenomena

　　4.单复数同行 :

　　aircraft spacecraft series species means sheep deer fish

　　salmon⁵ trout⁶ carp starfish jellyfish shellfish walrus⁷

　　5. 可跟that同位从句:

　　observation， fact， belief， discovery， doubt， statement， conclusion， decision idea，

　　evidence， hope， news， opinion， thought， rumor， explanation， truth

1 jewelry   

n.（jewllery）（总称）珠宝

参考例句：

• The burglars walked off with all my jewelry.夜盗偷走了我的全部珠宝。
• Jewelry and lace are mostly feminine belongings.珠宝和花边多数是女性用品。

2 machinery   

n.(总称)机械，机器；机构

参考例句：

• Has the machinery been put up ready for the broadcast?广播器材安装完毕了吗？
• Machinery ought to be well maintained all the time.机器应该随时注意维护。

3 foliage   

n.叶子，树叶，簇叶

参考例句：

• The path was completely covered by the dense foliage.小路被树叶厚厚地盖了一层。
• Dark foliage clothes the hills.浓密的树叶覆盖着群山。

4 advertising   

n.广告业；广告活动 a.广告的；广告业务的

参考例句：

• Can you give me any advice on getting into advertising? 你能指点我如何涉足广告业吗?
• The advertising campaign is aimed primarily at young people. 这个广告宣传运动主要是针对年轻人的。

5 salmon   

n.鲑，大马哈鱼，橙红色的

参考例句：

• We saw a salmon jumping in the waterfall there.我们看见一条大马哈鱼在那边瀑布中跳跃。
• Do you have any fresh salmon in at the moment?现在有新鲜大马哈鱼卖吗？

6 trout   

n.鳟鱼；鲑鱼(属)

参考例句：

• Thousands of young salmon and trout have been killed by the pollution.成千上万的鲑鱼和鳟鱼的鱼苗因污染而死亡。
• We hooked a trout and had it for breakfast.我们钓了一条鳟鱼，早饭时吃了。

7 walrus   

n.海象

参考例句：

• He is the queer old duck with the knee-length gaiters and walrus mustache.他穿着高及膝盖的皮护腿，留着海象般的八字胡，真是个古怪的老家伙。
• He seemed hardly to notice the big walrus.他几乎没有注意到那只大海象。