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非谓语动词用法比较与高考试题

时间:2006-04-26 16:00来源:互联网 提供网友:sjzs1190   字体: [ ]
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非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。动词不定式可在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语;动名词可在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语;分词可在句中作表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语,现将它们在用法上的区别总结如下:


1?动词不定式和动名词作主语比较


动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性动作,不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动作,特别是将来的动作。例如:


_______ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.(MET 1992)


A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk(Key:B)


2?动词不定式、动名词、分词作表语比较


(1)不定式和动名词作表语的区别同作主语一样。


His job is building houses.


Our task now is to increase food production.


(2)动词不定式和动名词作表语说明主语的内容,现在分词作表语表示主语所具有的特征,过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。


The real problem is getting to know the needs of the customers.


The most important thing is to put theory into practice.


The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_______ it more difficult.(NMET 1999)


A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.do not make (Key:B)


3?动词不定式和动名词作宾语比较


(1)有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语,如:want,wish,hope,manage,de- mand,promise,refuse,pretend,plan, offer,decide,agree,expect等。


We agreed _______ here,but so far she hasn't turned up yet.(NMET 1995)


A.having met B.meeting C.to meet D.to have met (Key:C)


(2)有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语,如:admit,appreciate,avoid,con- sider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape, excuse,finish,forgive,imagine, keep,mind,miss,practise,resist, risk,suggest,deny等。


The squirrel1 was so lucky that it just missed_______ .(MET 1987)


A.catching2 B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch (Key:C)


I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon.(MET 1992)


A.you to call B.you call C.you calling D.you're calling(Key:C)


(3)有些动词后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词,意义上无多大区别,如:love, like,hate,prefer,intend,start, continue等。


I intend to finish/finish- ing the task this morning.


(4)有些动词后既可以跟不定式,又可以跟动名词,但意义上有区别,如:forget,remember, mean,regret,stop,try等。


—The light in the office is still on.


—Oh,I forgot _______ .(MET 1991)


A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it off(Key:C)


—You were brave enough to raise objections3 at the meeting.


—Well,now I regret _______ that.(NMET 1995)


A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done(Key:D)


4、动词不定式、分词作宾语补足语和主语补足语比较


(1)有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语补足语或主语补足语,如:ask,tell,order,want,wish,warn, allow,advise,permit,forbid等。


The patientwas warned4 _______ oily food after the operation.(NMET 1996)


A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating(Key:C)


(2)有些动词后既可以跟不定式,又可以跟分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语,但意义不同,如:see,watch,notice,observe,hear,feel,have, make等,且不定式不带to,但在被动结构中必须带to。不定式指动作的全过程;现在分词指正在进行的动作的一部分,且表主动意义;过去分词指已经完成的动作,且表被动意义。


Paul doesn't have to be made .He always works5 hard.(NMET 1995)


A.learn B.to learn C.learned6 D.learning(Key:B)


The manager discussed the plan that they would like so see the next year.(NMET 2000)


A.carry out B.carrying out


C.carried out D.to carry out(Key:C)


5?不定式、动名词、分词作定语比较


(1)不定式作定语表示“将要”,现在分词表示“正在”或主动,过去分词表示“已经”。


The Olympic Games,in 776 B.C.,did not include women players until1912.(NMET 1997)


A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing(Key:C)


When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door“Sorry to miss you; will call later.”(NMET 1999)


A.read B.reads C.to read D.reading(Key:D)


(2)动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途,现在分词作定语表示被修饰名词的动作。


a swimming pool动名词作定语,a swim- ming fish现在分词作定语。


6?动词不定式作状语修饰动词、形容词,表示原因、目的和结果,分词作状语修饰动词和句子,表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随和结果。


late in the morning,Bob turned off the alarm.(NMET 2001)


A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having slept(Key:A)


such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.(NMET 2000)


A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered(Key:A)


more attention,the trees could have grown better.(MET 1990)


A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given(Key:A)

点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 squirrel oGyzl     
n.松鼠,松鼠的毛皮;vt.贮藏以备用
参考例句:
  • The squirrel makes a store of nuts for the winter.松鼠贮藏坚果以备过冬。
  • A squirrel hoards nuts for the winter.松鼠为过冬贮藏坚果。
2 catching cwVztY     
adj.易传染的,有魅力的,迷人的,接住
参考例句:
  • There are those who think eczema is catching.有人就是认为湿疹会传染。
  • Enthusiasm is very catching.热情非常富有感染力。
3 objections 72fdb9b546475370bb7edaa026d08528     
n.反对( objection的名词复数 );异议;厌恶;反对的理由
参考例句:
  • I think we can safely dismiss their objections. 我认为我们对他们的异议完全可以不予理会。
  • The chairman overrode the committee's objections and signed the agreement. 主席不顾委员会的反对,径行签署了协议。
4 warned 47ff9951b01a6b094431ff82dc68e266     
v.警告( warn的过去式和过去分词 );提醒;告诫;预先通知
参考例句:
  • Motorists have been warned to beware of icy roads. 已经提醒开车的人当心冰封的路面。
  • I've warned her countless times. 我警告过她无数次了。
5 works ieuzIh     
n.作品,著作;工厂,活动部件,机件
参考例句:
  • We expect writers to produce more and better works.我们期望作家们写出更多更好的作品。
  • The novel is regarded as one of the classic works.这篇小说被公认为是最优秀的作品之一。
6 learned m1oxn     
adj.有学问的,博学的;learn的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • He went into a rage when he learned about it.他听到这事后勃然大怒。
  • In this little village,he passed for a learned man.在这个小村子里,他被视为有学问的人。
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