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语法精讲:who, whom, whose, that引导的先行词指人的定语从句

时间:2016-03-31 13:54来源:互联网 提供网友:mapleleaf   字体: [ ]
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  who,whom1,whose和that作为定语从句的引导词,称为关系代词。我们现在来看一下先行词指人时,这四个关系代词的使用问题。下面用句子合并的方法来分析。

  一、定语从句用who或that做引导词,在从句中做主语。
  请分析下面两个简单句:句①The boy is called Jack2.句②He broke3 the window.
  把句②变为句①的定语从句,句①中的the boy做定语从句的先行词。在句②中he指句①中提到的the boy也就是定语从句的先行词,he在句中做主语,因此要用who和that引导定语从句,代替句②中的he,也就是说he就不能出现在定语从句中了。由此得到句③The boy who broke the window is called Jack.
  注意:一般情况下定语从句要紧挨先行词。
  请把下面每组的两句话合并为一句。
  The person4 must pay5 for it./He lost the library book.
  →The person who lost the library book must pay for it.
  The boy is very clever./He is wearing the black jacket.
  →The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
  二、定语从句用who,whom或that做引导词,在从句中做宾语。因为是做宾语,所以这些引导词可以省略。
  请分析下面两个简单句:句①Do you know the young man?句②We met him at the gate.
  把句②变为句①的定语从句,句①中的the young man做定语从句的先行词。在句②中him指句①中提到的the young man也就是定语从句的先行词,him在句中做宾语,因此要用whom,that或who引导定语从句,代替句②中的him,也就是说him就不能出现在定语从句中了。由此得到句③Do you know the young man who/that/whom we met at the gate?(who/that/whom可以省略,句子可以写作:Do you know the young man we met at the gate?)
  请把下面每组的两句话合并为一句。
  Mr.Lee has come./You want to see him.
  →Mr.Lee who/whom/that you want to see has come.
  This is the girl.
  He worked with her in the office./→This is the girl whom/that/who he worked with in the office.
  三、定语从句用whose做引导词,在从句中作定语表示“某些人的…”。
  请分析下面两个简单句:句①The girl is staying at home today.句②Her mother is ill.
  把句②变为句①的定语从句,句①中的the girl做定语从句的先行词。在句②中her指句①中提到的the girl也就是定语从句的先行词,her在句中做定语,因此要用whose引导定语从句,代替句②中的her,也就是说her就不能出现在定语从句中了。由此得到句③The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.
  请把下面每组的两句话合并为一句。
  The boy is called LiLei./His parents were dead6 in the flood7.
  →The boy whose parents were dead is called LiLei
  Mr.Wang is the policeman./His house caught fire last Sunday.
  →Mr.Wang is the policeman whose house caught fire last Sunday.
  巩固练习:
  一、用定语从句把下面两句话合并为一句。
  1.Let's ask the man .He is reading8 the book over there.
  2.The girl is Peter's sister.We saw9 her yesterday.
  3.This is Uncle Li.He mended10 computers for us.
  4.I know the young man.You mean him.
  5.I know the boy.His father is a scientist11.
  二、单项选择
  1.Have you seen12 the man _____ car was13 stolen14 just now?
  A.its B.it's C.whose D.which
  2.On the bus I saw a student ____ I thought15 was your brother.
  A.who B.whom C.which D.whoever16
  3.The foreigner17 ___ visited our school yesterday is from Canada.
  A.that B.which C.whom D./
  4.Here is the man ____ you are looking for.
  A.which B.whom C.what D.where
  答案:
  一、
  1.Let's ask the man who/that is reading the book over there.
  2.The girl that/whom/who we saw yesterday is Peter's sister.
  3.This is UncleLi who/that mended computers for us.
  4.I know the young man whom/that/who you mean.
  5.I know the boy whose father is a scientist.
  二、1-4 C A A B

点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 whom CghwM     
pron.谁(who的宾格)
参考例句:
  • That is the man whom I met in Beijing last year.他就是我去年在北京碰见的那个人。
  • He married a wife by whom he had two daughters.他娶了妻子并跟她生了两个女儿。
2 jack 53Hxp     
n.插座,千斤顶,男人;v.抬起,提醒,扛举;n.(Jake)杰克
参考例句:
  • I am looking for the headphone jack.我正在找寻头戴式耳机插孔。
  • He lifted the car with a jack to change the flat tyre.他用千斤顶把车顶起来换下瘪轮胎。
3 broke gSUyi     
v.(动词break的过去式)折断;打破
参考例句:
  • He dropped his glass on the floor and broke it.他把玻璃杯掉到地板上打碎了。
  • After a long silence, she broke into a laugh.她沉默了很久之后,忽然笑了起来。
4 person QMBxI     
n.人
参考例句:
  • I would never trust in that kind of person.我绝不会相信那种人。
  • She is the very person I wanted to see.她正是我要见的人。
5 pay NL6xI     
v.付钱;n.付钱;薪金
参考例句:
  • How much did you pay?你付了多少钱?
  • His pay is below the average.他的工资低于一般水平。
6 dead cyRxQ     
adj.死的;无生命的;死气沉沉的;adv.完全地
参考例句:
  • Mary threw away the dead flowers.玛丽把枯萎的花扔掉了。
  • He was dead asleep.他完全睡着了。
7 flood Kj6x4     
n.洪水,水灾;v.灌溉,淹没,泛滥
参考例句:
  • The reason for the flood was that heavy rain.水灾是那场大雨造成的。
  • It is said that there has been a big flood.据说,那里遭受了一场大洪水的袭击。
8 reading YiGyU     
n.阅读,知识,读物,表演,对法律条文的解释;adj.阅读的
参考例句:
  • Children learn reading and writing at school.孩子们在学校学习阅读和写作。
  • He finds pleasure in reading.他从阅读中得到乐趣。
9 saw ts3yA     
vbl.看见(see的过去式);n.锯;v.用锯子锯
参考例句:
  • Would you like to saw a tree for me?你能为我锯棵树吗?
  • The moment I saw you,I knew you were angry with me.我一看到你,就知道你在生我的气。
10 mended 32e53e36bfae745745fb9b9a98fc37e1     
v.修理,修补( mend的过去式和过去分词 );改[纠]正;改善[进];恢复
参考例句:
  • I left my watch to be mended last week, is it ready? 上星期我把表放在这里修理的,修好没有? 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • The torn page is mended with tape. 撕破的一页用胶带补好了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
11 scientist fZoxc     
n.(自然)科学家
参考例句:
  • He is a black scientist.他是一位黑人科学家。
  • She has become a famous scientist.她成为著名科学家。
12 seen ujyzZX     
vbl.(see的过去分词)看见
参考例句:
  • Since I left college, I have not seen him.自从我离开大学以后,就没有见过他了。
  • I hope to have seen the film next week.我希望下星期能看到这部电影。
13 was bglwv     
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
参考例句:
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
14 stolen ZrAyU     
v.偷( steal的过去分词 );悄悄地做,悄悄地走
参考例句:
  • A girl was killed yesterday in a crash involving a stolen car. 昨天有一女孩在一桩涉及窃车的撞车事故中丧生。
  • The stolen car was returned to its rightful owner . 被盗的汽车还给了其合法的主人。
15 thought 1oMwg     
n.想法,思想,思维,思潮,关心,挂念;v.vbl.think的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • It was just a thought.这仅仅是一个想法。
  • She thought he had a cold.她认为他感冒了。
16 whoever 9gQwK     
pron.无论谁,不管谁;任何人
参考例句:
  • I'll find the person who did this,whoever he is.我要找出干这件事的人,不管他是谁。
  • Whoever does best will get the prize.谁做得最出色谁就得奖。
17 foreigner yzcyA     
n.外国人,外地人
参考例句:
  • The foreigner was eating a hamburger.那个老外正在吃汉堡包。
  • The man looks like a foreigner.那个人看起来像个外国人。
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