英语语法精粹：分词的独立结构

 　在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语一致。如果不一致的话，分词前面可以带有自己的逻辑主语(名词或代词)，构成分词的独立结构(或称为带逻辑主语的分词结构)。分词独立结构可表示伴随情况、陪衬动作、附加说明以及表示时间、原因、条件等。

　　【例如】

　　The moon has no light of its own, only sunlight shining on it.

　　(附加说明)

　　She rushed out the room, the little baby carried in her arms.

　　(伴随动作)

　　Maggie ran back to the kitchen, eggs held carefully in her hand.

　　(伴随动作)

　　They being blind men, how could they see the elephants? ( =As they were blind men... )

　　(表示原因)

　　Circumstances changed, it is necessary for you to make a new plan.

　　(表示原因)

　　A force acting¹ through a distance, work is done. (表示条件)

　　Both bright side and dark side considered, you will have the confidence to overcome this difficulty. (表示条件)

　　All flightsshavingsbeen cancelled because of the snowstorm², many passengers could do nothing but take the train.

　　there be句型和it也能引出分词独立结构，作状语修饰主句，there和it相当于分词的逻辑主语。

　　【例如】

　　There being nothing else to do, we went home.

　　Thereshavingsbeen no rain, the plants withered³. It being impossible for most students to turn in their papers as scheduled, the teacher decided⁴ to give them another two days. The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience ____on benches, chairs or boxes. (CET 4 2000,1)

　　A)shavingsseated B) seating C) seated D)shavingsbeen seated

　　本题考察的是with引导的分词的独立结构，seat一般用被动形式表示主动意思，所以用过去分词，答案为C。

　　seat可以用于如下句中：He came in and was seated in the chair. Please come in and be seated. So many directors____, the board meeting had to be put off. (CET 4 2000,6)

　　A) were absent B) being absent C) been absent D) had been absent

　　本题考察的是分词的独立结构,主语与分词之间是主谓关系，因此选择B。

1 acting   

n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的

参考例句：

• Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
• During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

2 snowstorm   

n.雪暴，暴风雪

参考例句：

• After several weeks of travel,snowstorm hit us first.我们旅行了几个星期，初次碰上了暴风雪。
• A severe snowstorm blocked up railroads.一场暴风雪使铁路中断。

3 withered   

adj. 枯萎的，干瘪的，（人身体的部分器官）因病萎缩的或未发育良好的 动词wither的过去式和过去分词形式

参考例句：

• The grass had withered in the warm sun. 这些草在温暖的阳光下枯死了。
• The leaves of this tree have become dry and withered. 这棵树下的叶子干枯了。

4 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。