英语句子成分－状语讲解 什么是状语？

 　　修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的词、短语或从句（状语从句），叫状语。状语在句中可以表示：时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、比较、方向以及伴随等情况。能担任状语的有：副词、介词短语、动词不定式、名词以及if,whether，when,while,as soon as,because , until ,before 等引导的状语从句。例如：

　　1、副词

　　He can play the guitar well. (程度)

　　Please read aloud!（方式）

　　I'm going to Beijing today.（时间）

　　It is raining hard.（方式）

　　Luckily, he didn't hurt himself.（方式）

　　We all went into the classroom excitedly.（方式）

　　Come in , please!（方向）

　　2 、介词短语

　　He stayed at home.（地点）

　　Thank you for your help.（原因）

　　Ann run to the door quickly.（方向）

　　My teacher went into his office with a smile.（方式）

　　Lily is taller than her sister. (比较)

　　I'm going to the hospital .（地点）

　　I like to go to school by bus.（方式）

　　I have been to Mount¹ Huang with my parents.（方式）

　　People kept in touch with their friends and relatives² far away mainly³ by letter or telegram⁴. (方式)

　　We shall⁵ leave for Shanghai tomorrow. （地点）

　　But in order to help support their family, they had to work for the bosses⁶.

　　3、动词不定式

　　The little boy is too young to look after himself.（结果）

　　I haven't got money enough to buy the new bike.（结果）

　　4、名词

　　Wait a minute, please.（时间）

　　Come this way, please.（方向）

　　Come home earlier this evening.（时间）

　　Thanks a lot. (程度)

　　People's living conditions⁷ have improved a lot. (程度)

　　5、状语从句

　　If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.（条件）

　　When we get there, we shall come to see you right away. （时间）

　　I'll not come to his party unless I get his invitation⁸. （条件）

　　I can't go shopping in big stores unless I travel for a couple of hours.

　　I'll write an E-mail to you as soon as I get to America.（时间）

　　Jack⁹ stays in bed because he is ill today. （原因）

　　I got up early this morning so that I could catch up the train. (目的)

　　The movie is so interesting that I have seen it twice. （结果）

　　Life was so hard that people had no time or money to enjoy leisure¹⁰ activities. （结果）

　　Father came back while I was cooking the supper. （时间）

　　△在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，不能使用任何形式的将来时（一般将来时或过去将来时）。当它们用于修饰时态为将来时的主句时，其本身则不能在时态上与主句保持一致，而用一般现在时来代替一般将来时，或用过去将来时来代替过去将来时。

　　△状语在句子中的位置。

1 mount   

n.山峰，乘用马，框，衬纸；vi.增长，骑上（马）；vt.提升，爬上，装备

参考例句：

• Their debts continued to mount up.他们的债务不断增加。
• She is the first woman who steps on the top of Mount Jolmo Lungma.她是第一个登上珠穆朗玛峰的女人。

2 relatives   

n.亲属( relative的名词复数 )；相关物；亲缘植物（或动物）；[语法学]关系词

参考例句：

• She went to visit relatives in Wales. 她去威尔士看望亲戚了。
• They're always farming out their children on their relatives. 他们总是把孩子寄养在亲戚家。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 mainly   

adv.主要地，大抵，大概

参考例句：

• The sea water is mainly composed of water and salt.海水主要由水和盐组成。
• It is mainly because of my fault.这主要是由于我的过错。

4 telegram   

n.电报；vt.用电报发送(打电报)

参考例句：

• Will you hand on this telegram to your friend?你把这份电报转交给你的朋友好吗？
• I've got your telegram.我已经收到了你的电报。

5 shall   

v.aux.（主要用于第一人称）将

参考例句：

• I shall always love you.我将永远爱你。
• Which club shall we join?我们要参加哪个社团？

6 bosses   

n.老板( boss的名词复数 )；经理；上司；工头

参考例句：

• Underlings fawn on their bosses. 奴才巴结主子。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• He attacked greedy bosses for awarding themselves big rises. 他抨击那些贪心的老板为他们自己大幅加薪。 来自辞典例句

7 conditions   

n.（居住、工作或做事情的）环境；（影响某事发生的）物质环境；承保险别；条件( condition的名词复数 )；状况；健康状况；环境

参考例句：

• The prisoners were living in appalling conditions. 囚犯的居住条件极为恶劣。
• TV pictures showed the arctic conditions. 电视画面显示了严寒的环境。

8 invitation   

n.请帖；邀请

参考例句：

• Thank you for your invitation.谢谢你的邀请。
• You didn't send me an invitation!你没送我请帖！

9 jack   

n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克

参考例句：

• I am looking for the headphone jack.我正在找寻头戴式耳机插孔。
• He lifted the car with a jack to change the flat tyre.他用千斤顶把车顶起来换下瘪轮胎。

10 leisure   

n.空闲时间，空暇；悠闲，安逸

参考例句：

• I am seldom at leisure.我很少有空。
• He read books at his leisure.他在空闲时读一些书。