不可小窥的主谓一致（3）

 　　二、指代一致

　　指代一致是指句中的代词应该在人称、数、性等方面与所指的词保持一致。

　　1.人称一致

　　(1)当代词指代名词或另一个代词时，须在人称上与所指代的词保持一致。例如：

　　1）I recognized one of the girls, but I didn’t speak to her.

　　2) That woman said that she was over fifty.

　　3) They asked whom they should apply to.

　　(2)当代词指代集合名词时，用单数人称代词强调整体，用复数人称代词强调个人。例如：

　　1) The committee¹ have discussed their report on the disaster.

　　2) The audience are raising their hands to signify² their approval³.

　　(3)当everyone, everybody, no one, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody等作主语时，相应的代词一般采用单数形式。例如：

　　1) If anyone calls, tell him I’ll be back later.

　　2) Everyone thinks he is the center of universe.

　　注：在非正式文体中，特别是在会话体里，常用代词的复数形式是为了故意不具体说出所指的那个人的性别。例如：

　　1) Has anybody brought their camera?

　　2) No one could blamed themselves.

　　(4)由neither … nor, not only … but also, either … or, not … but, or等连结的并列主语，其后的附加疑问部分主语用复数代词。例如：

　　1) Neither you nor I am wrong, are we?

　　2) Both Tom and Jack⁴ came, didn’t they?

　　2.性、数、格一致

　　(1)代词的性一般仅限于第三人称。例如：

　　1) China will always do what she has promised to do.

　　2) The boy stood at the door with his hat in his hand.

　　(2) 当or或nor连接阳性名词或阴性名词时，代词一般和近者保持一致。例如：

　　1) Neither John nor Mary has got what she wanted.

　　2) If you should see Mary or Thomas, tell him the news.

　　(3)单数名词由and连接时，相应的代词一般用复数形式。例如：

　　1) Food and rent are more expensive than they used to be.

　　2) Jim and Mary spoke⁵ on the subject as if they were experts.

　　3.应注意的问题

　　(1)当句子的主语是one, 并要在句子中多次出现时，一般用第三人称单数代词来代替后面将出现的one或one’s;当one在句子中泛指人时，在反意疑问句中也可用you来代替。例如：

　　1) One should never blame his friends when he friends when he finds himself in trouble.

　　2) One can’t be too careful, can you (one)?

1 committee   

n.委员会，全体委员

参考例句：

• We referred the matter back to the Finance Committee.我们把这事转回给财政委员会处理。
• I am going to speak out against the committee's decision.我打算直言反对委员会的决定。

2 signify   

vt.表示...的意思，意味，预示

参考例句：

• State ownership in itself does not signify collective control.国家所有本身并不意味集体控制。
• The striped band round a policeman's sleeve is to signify that he is on duty.警察袖子上的袖标标明他正在执勤。

3 approval   

n.赞成，同意；批准，认可

参考例句：

• The audience has expressed its approval.观众已经认可。
• The teacher signed his approval.老师做了手势表示同意。

4 jack   

n.插座，千斤顶，男人；v.抬起，提醒，扛举；n.（Jake）杰克

参考例句：

• I am looking for the headphone jack.我正在找寻头戴式耳机插孔。
• He lifted the car with a jack to change the flat tyre.他用千斤顶把车顶起来换下瘪轮胎。

5 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。