专业术语—口腔生理学术语I1(英文详解)

 

    In Vitro - experiments which are carried out in a laboratory as distinct from in vivo experiments

    In Vivo -experiments which are carried out in live animals as distinct from in vitro experiments

    Immunity¹ - The body response to a foreign antigen, either ingested as food, or as part of a foreign organism. There are two major ways the body defends itself; one is by antibody, production, the so called humeral response, as the antibodies circulate in the blood and the fluid between cells. The other is the cellular² response, as it involves the cells of the immune system, the family of leucocytes. The particular leucocyte³ responsible for immune specificity is the lymphocyte. In total cell mass there are as many lymphocytes as there are liver or brain cells. During development there are millions of B (from the Bone marrow) lymphocytes made, each with a different cell membrane⁴ ligand, specific for any one of millions of antigens. The lymphocytes are circulating all the time so that they can have the chance to meet up with a foreign antigen. As soon as an antigen has been recognised by one of these cells, and bound to the cell ligand, it stimulates⁵ the cell to reproduce millions of copies of itself. All the daughter cells are clones of the original cell. These B lymphocyte daughters, migrate to the site where the antibody is needed. Instead of making an antigen for the membrane these cells make large amounts of soluble⁶ antibody. They are now recognisable as plasma⁷ cells. T lymphocytes ( having spent time in the Thymus) comprises the cell mediated⁸ response to an antigen. They are of two types, Killer⁹ T cells and Helper T Cells. Most T lymphocytes are helpers and they regulate the response of the B lymphocytes. The killer T cells are however capable of recognising the foreign antigen on the surface of a cell, and then killing¹⁰ the entire cell. The immune response is part of a less specific defense¹¹ and healing response of the body known as inflammation.

    Indirect pulp¹² cap - a dressing¹³, usually calcium¹⁴ hydroxide, placed against the pulpal wall of a deep cavity, in order to encourage affected¹⁵ dentine to remineralise. The cavity is closed with a temporary filling material and re-opened after 6 weeks to assess the state of the pulp.

    Induction¹⁶ - cell differentiation¹⁷ which is brought about by the influence of cytokines released by cells of another type.

    Infected dentine- dentine which has been damaged beyond repair by caries and is infected by large numbers of caries bacteria.

1 immunity   

n.优惠；免除；豁免，豁免权

参考例句：

• The law gives public schools immunity from taxation.法律免除公立学校的纳税义务。
• He claims diplomatic immunity to avoid being arrested.他要求外交豁免以便避免被捕。

2 cellular   

adj.移动的；细胞的，由细胞组成的

参考例句：

• She has a cellular telephone in her car.她的汽车里有一部无线通讯电话机。
• Many people use cellular materials as sensitive elements in hygrometers.很多人用蜂窝状的材料作为测量温度的传感元件。

3 leucocyte   

n.白细胞

参考例句：

• The main energy producing pathway in the leucocyte is glycolysis,resulting in lactate production from glucose.糖酵解，即从葡萄糖生成乳酸盐，是白细胞产生能量的主要途径。
• The increased leucocyte count is related to degree of infarction.白细胞计数的升高与梗死程度相关。

4 membrane   

n.薄膜，膜皮，羊皮纸

参考例句：

• A vibrating membrane in the ear helps to convey sounds to the brain.耳膜的振动帮助声音传送到大脑。
• A plastic membrane serves as selective diffusion barrier.一层塑料薄膜起着选择性渗透屏障的作用。

5 stimulates   

v.刺激( stimulate的第三人称单数 )；激励；使兴奋；起兴奋作用，起刺激作用，起促进作用

参考例句：

• Exercise stimulates the body. 运动促进身体健康。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Alcohol stimulates the action of the heart. 酒刺激心脏的活动。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

6 soluble   

adj.可溶的；可以解决的

参考例句：

• These tablets are soluble in water.这些药片可在水中溶解。
• Camphor is soluble in alcohol.樟脑在酒精中可以溶化。

7 plasma   

n.血浆，细胞质，乳清

参考例句：

• Keep some blood plasma back for the serious cases.留一些血浆给重病号。
• The plasma is the liquid portion of blood that is free of cells .血浆是血液的液体部分，不包含各种细胞。

8 mediated   

调停，调解，斡旋( mediate的过去式和过去分词 )； 居间促成； 影响…的发生； 使…可能发生

参考例句：

• He mediated in the quarrel between the two boys. 他调解两个孩子之间的争吵。
• The government mediated between the workers and the employers. 政府在工人与雇主间搞调和。

9 killer   

n.杀人者，杀人犯，杀手，屠杀者

参考例句：

• Heart attacks have become Britain's No.1 killer disease.心脏病已成为英国的头号致命疾病。
• The bulk of the evidence points to him as her killer.大量证据证明是他杀死她的。

10 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

11 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

12 pulp   

n.果肉，纸浆；v.化成纸浆，除去...果肉，制成纸浆

参考例句：

• The pulp of this watermelon is too spongy.这西瓜瓤儿太肉了。
• The company manufactures pulp and paper products.这个公司制造纸浆和纸产品。

13 dressing   

n.(食物)调料；包扎伤口的用品，敷料

参考例句：

• Don't spend such a lot of time in dressing yourself.别花那么多时间来打扮自己。
• The children enjoy dressing up in mother's old clothes.孩子们喜欢穿上妈妈旧时的衣服玩。

14 calcium   

n.钙(化学符号Ca)

参考例句：

• We need calcium to make bones.我们需要钙来壮骨。
• Calcium is found most abundantly in milk.奶含钙最丰富。

15 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

16 induction   

n.感应，感应现象

参考例句：

• His induction as a teacher was a turning point in his life.他就任教师工作是他一生的转折点。
• The magnetic signals are sensed by induction coils.磁信号由感应线圈所检测。

17 differentiation   

n.区别，区分

参考例句：

• There can be no differentiation without contrast. 有比较才有差别。
• The operation that is the inverse of differentiation is called integration. 与微分相反的运算叫做积分。