雅思分类词汇：外贸相关词汇(1)

 　　债转股 debt-to-equity swap¹

　　港元的联系汇率制

　　the linkage² system between the US dollar and the HK dollar

　　坏帐、呆帐、死帐

　　bad account/ dead account/ uncollectible account/bad debt/ bad loan

　　反倾销措施

　　anti-dumping measures against ……

　　通货紧缩

　　deflation

　　通货膨胀

　　inflation

　　非配额产品

　　quota-free products

　　非生产性投资

　　investment in non-productive projects

　　风险管理/评估

　　risk management/ assessment³

　　风险基金

　　venture capital

　　风险准备金

　　loan loss provision/ provisions of risk

　　搞活国有大中型企业

　　revitalize large and medium-sized state owned enterprises

　　规模经济

　　scale economy/ economies of scale

　　国合企业（即国有合作社）

　　state-owned cooperatives

　　国际收支

　　balance of international payments/ balance of payment

　　国际收支不平衡

　　disequilibrium of balance of payment

　　国家补贴

　　public subsidies⁴

　　国家现汇结存

　　state foreign exchange reserves

　　合理引导消费

　　guide rational consumption

　　季节性调价   seasonal⁵ price adjustments

　　既成事实  established/accomplished facts

　　技工贸结合的科技型企业  scientific and technological⁶ enterprises that integrate scientific and technological developmentwith industrial and trade development

　　劳动密集性企业  labor⁷-intensive enterprises

　　乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费  unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction⁸ of fees from enterprises/ unauthorized pooling of funds, compulsory⁹ donations and random¹⁰ levies¹¹ on enterprises

　　千年问题、千年虫  millennium bug¹²

　　企业技术改造  technological updating of enterprises

　　企业亏损补贴  subsidies to cover enterprise losses

　　实行国民待遇   grant the national treatment to

　　平等互利、讲求实效、形式多样、共同发展的方针  pursuing practical results, adopting various waysand seeking common development/ the principle of equality, mutual¹³ benefit, efficiency, diversity andmutual development

　　瓶颈制约  “bottleneck”restrictions

　　皮包公司 flying-by-night company; bogus company

　　放松银根 ease monetary¹⁴ policy

　　流动人口　 floating population

　　企业的自我约束机制 self-regulating mechanism¹⁵ of enterprises

　　贪图安逸　 crave¹⁶ comfort and pleasure

　　消费膨胀　 inflated¹⁷ consumption

　　信息化　 informationize

　　无氟冰箱　 freon-free refrigerator

　　无纸交易　 paperless transaction

　　适销对路的产品　 readily marketable products

　　倒爷　 profiteer

　　机构臃肿　 overstaffing in (government) organizations

　　机构重叠　 organizational overlapping¹⁸

　　利改税　 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery

　　经常性的财政收入　 regular revenues

　　慢性萧条　 chronic¹⁹ depression

　　双重轨制　 two-tier system / double-track system

　　就业前培训　 pre-job training

　　岗位培训　 on-the-job training

　　对外项目承包 foreign project contracting

　　劳务合作 labor service cooperation

　　外援方式　 modality of foreign aid

　　自1999年1月1日起实行 come into official enforcement as of January 1, 1999

　　所有制形式 forms of ownership

　　以试点的形式实行外贸权自动登记制度 implement²⁰ an automatic registration²¹ system of foreign trading rights on a trial basis

　　风险管理/评估 risk management/ assessment

　　国家鼓励项目 projects listed as encouraged by the state

　　<<中华人民共和国保护台湾同胞投资实施条例>> Implementation²² Rules of the P.R.C. on the Protection of Investments by Compatriots from Taiwan

1 swap   

n.交换；vt.交换，用...作交易

参考例句：

• I will swap you my bicycle for your radio.我想拿我的自行车换你的收音机。
• This comic was a swap that I got from Nick.这本漫画书是我从尼克那里换来的。

2 linkage   

n.连接；环节

参考例句：

• In their monographic treatment of linkage,they have emphasized this especially.他们在论连锁的专题文章中特别强调了这点。
• Occasionally,problems with block inheritance or linkage are encountered.有时会遇到区段遗传或连锁问题。

3 assessment   

n.评价；评估；对财产的估价，被估定的金额

参考例句：

• This is a very perceptive assessment of the situation.这是一个对该情况的极富洞察力的评价。
• What is your assessment of the situation?你对时局的看法如何？

4 subsidies   

n.补贴，津贴，补助金( subsidy的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• European agriculture ministers failed to break the deadlock over farm subsidies. 欧洲各国农业部长在农业补贴问题上未能打破僵局。
• Agricultural subsidies absorb about half the EU's income. 农业补贴占去了欧盟收入的大约一半。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 seasonal   

adj.季节的，季节性的

参考例句：

• The town relies on the seasonal tourist industry for jobs.这个城镇依靠季节性旅游业提供就业机会。
• The hors d'oeuvre is seasonal vegetables.餐前小吃是应时蔬菜。

6 technological   

adj.技术的；工艺的

参考例句：

• A successful company must keep up with the pace of technological change.一家成功的公司必须得跟上技术变革的步伐。
• Today,the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements.当今， 随着科技进步，生活节奏不断增快。

7 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

8 exaction   

n.强求，强征；杂税

参考例句：

• The aged leader was exhausted by the exaction of a pitiless system.作为年迈的领导人，冷酷无情制度的苛求使他心力交瘁。
• The exaction was revived by Richard I.这种苛捐杂税被查理一世加以恢复。

9 compulsory   

n.强制的，必修的；规定的，义务的

参考例句：

• Is English a compulsory subject?英语是必修课吗？
• Compulsory schooling ends at sixteen.义务教育至16岁为止。

10 random   

adj.随机的；任意的；n.偶然的(或随便的)行动

参考例句：

• The list is arranged in a random order.名单排列不分先后。
• On random inspection the meat was found to be bad.经抽查，发现肉变质了。

11 levies   

（部队）征兵( levy的名词复数 )； 募捐； 被征募的军队

参考例句：

• At that time, taxes and levies were as many as the hairs on an ox. 那时，苛捐杂税多如牛毛。
• Variable levies can insulate farmers and consumers from world markets. 差价进口税可以把农民和消费者与世界市场隔离开来。

12 bug   

n.虫子；故障；窃听器；vt.纠缠；装窃听器

参考例句：

• There is a bug in the system.系统出了故障。
• The bird caught a bug on the fly.那鸟在飞行中捉住了一只昆虫。

13 mutual   

adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的

参考例句：

• We must pull together for mutual interest.我们必须为相互的利益而通力合作。
• Mutual interests tied us together.相互的利害关系把我们联系在一起。

14 monetary   

adj.货币的，钱的；通货的；金融的；财政的

参考例句：

• The monetary system of some countries used to be based on gold.过去有些国家的货币制度是金本位制的。
• Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。

15 mechanism   

n.机械装置；机构，结构

参考例句：

• The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
• The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。

16 crave   

vt.渴望得到，迫切需要，恳求，请求

参考例句：

• Many young children crave attention.许多小孩子渴望得到关心。
• You may be craving for some fresh air.你可能很想呼吸呼吸新鲜空气。

17 inflated   

adj.（价格）飞涨的；（通货）膨胀的；言过其实的；充了气的v.使充气（于轮胎、气球等）( inflate的过去式和过去分词 )；（使）膨胀；（使）通货膨胀；物价上涨

参考例句：

• He has an inflated sense of his own importance. 他自视过高。
• They all seem to take an inflated view of their collective identity. 他们对自己的集体身份似乎都持有一种夸大的看法。 来自《简明英汉词典》

18 overlapping   

adj./n.交迭（的）

参考例句：

• There is no overlapping question between the two courses. 这两门课程之间不存在重叠的问题。
• A trimetrogon strip is composed of three rows of overlapping. 三镜头摄影航线为三排重迭的象片所组成。

19 chronic   

adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的

参考例句：

• Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
• Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。

20 implement   

n.(pl.)工具，器具；vt.实行，实施，执行

参考例句：

• Don't undertake a project unless you can implement it.不要承担一项计划，除非你能完成这项计划。
• The best implement for digging a garden is a spade.在花园里挖土的最好工具是铁锹。

21 registration   

n.登记，注册，挂号

参考例句：

• Marriage without registration is not recognized by law.法律不承认未登记的婚姻。
• What's your registration number?你挂的是几号？

22 implementation   

n.实施，贯彻

参考例句：

• Implementation of the program is now well underway.这一项目的实施现在行情看好。