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雅思写作常见用词错误

时间:2015-11-01 07:53来源:互联网 提供网友:mapleleaf   字体: [ ]
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    (单词翻译:双击或拖选)

   下面对雅思写作词汇中常错词汇进行了分析,大家不妨看一下。

  一、such as与for example的混用
  我们知道,在表示举例子的时候,such as与like是完全等同的,如:Wild flowers such as/like orchids1 and primroses2 are becoming rare.
  但是同学们对于such as、for example 的把握还是不够准确。我们都知道,后者接句子前者接词语表示举例子。于是就有了下面的写法:
  There is a similar word in many languages, such as in French and Italian.
  这里的such as改为for example为好,因为“in French and Italian”其实是“there is a similar word in French and Italian”的简化,所以要用for example来引出例证。再来看几个类似的例子:
  It is possible to combine computer science with other subjects, for example physics.
  二、assume3 及claim 使用不够准确
  我们知道,think, assume, claim是议论文中常用引出观点的动词。在实际作文中,同学们往往认为几个词的意思是一样的,完全可以代换,所以拿过来就用。甚至还有同学把consider也拿过来与之混用。我们首先还是从定义来看这几个词的不同:
  Think: to have opinion or belief about sth
  翻译为“认为”,通常接宾语从句来表达比较确定的观点。
  Assume: to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof4 of it.
  翻译为“假设、假定”,是否有事实依据是不确定的。
  Claim: to say sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it.
  翻译为“声称”,用这个词往往意味着不赞同紧跟其后的观点,所以很少用作‘I claim that…"
  Scientist are claiming a breakthrough in the fight against cancer, but in fact …
  所以“It is claimed that”通常翻译为“有报道称。。。”。和“it is reported that ”的区别在于后者翻译为“据报道”,往往代表着作者赞同报告的内容。
  Consider: to think about sth carefully, especially in order to make a decision
  翻译为“考虑”,一般不用作引出观点,看个例子:
  We are considering buying a new car。
  所以,千万不要在雅思大作文的第一段(观点表达段)就因为用词把握不准而导致对整篇文章的低分印象。
  三、介词使用错误
  1、普通介词的误用
  一般表现为固定搭配错误,如常把provide sb with sth用成provide sb sth; be satisfied with用成be satisfied for等等,虽然这样的错误看似无伤大雅,但在考官眼里就是影响顺畅阅读的,当然会影响最终成绩。解决的办法简单而古老:把常见的固定搭配牢记于心,问题自然就解决了。
  2、 “to”作为介词的误用
  “to”最常见的用法是以动词不定式符号的形式出现的,所以同学们也已经习惯了“to do”的固定搭配。对于一些如walk to me, to the left等介词to表方向等常见用法一般也不会出现错误。但是对于与动词搭配的介词to就会经常犯错:
  如:More and more students have taken to depend on their parents to make decision for them。
  这里的“take to“means “to begin to do sth as a habit”其中”to“为介词,所以后面只能接名词或相当于名词的词,如动名词。所以句中depend on 应改为“depending on”。“take to”的另一个常用用法也需要牢记:
  He hasn’t taken to his new school. (这里”take to” means “to start liking5 sb or sth”)
  Prefer A to B中的“to”也是介词,会有prefer doing sth to doing sth/ prefer sth to sth else,另外,“prefer to do sth rather than do sth”中的“to”可是真正的不定式符号。
  类似的常用用法请同学们牢记:
  Be used to doing
  Adapt to doing
  Adjust to doing
  prefer doing sth. to doing sth。
  Be accustomed to doing
  See to doing 等等,请注意平时仔细积累。
  四、表“建议”的词汇后面忘记用虚拟从句
  这是摘自学生雅思作文中的一个病句:I suggest he continues his study instead of working after graduation from high school.
  因为"suggest"翻译为“建议”,所以后面的从句应该用虚拟语气,句中“continues”部分应该改为“(should) continue”。
  在此,提醒您,一定要牢记以下常见表“建议”的词汇,而且要记住这些词接从句时要用虚拟语气:
  Recommend, suggest, advise
  五、compare与contrast的误用
  我们先从两者的定义入手来看两者的区别。 Compare的定义为:to examine people or things to see how they are similar or different. Contrast的定义为:to compare two or more things to show the difference between them. 由定义不难看出前者侧重于找到两个或多个事物的异同,而后者则侧重于它们的不同。
  看个例句:
  It is interesting to compare their situations to ours./It is interesting to contrast their situations to ours.
  前一句翻译为:对比一下我们的情况与他们的情况会很有趣。
  后一句的翻译为:我们的情况与他们的情况有很大的不同,这很有趣。
  再看一个引自OXFORD6 ADBANCED LEARNER’S DICTIONARY的例子:
  There is an obvious contrast between the culture of East and West.
  The company lost $7 million in contrast to a profit of $6.2 million a year earlier.
  When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned7 by contrast.
  不难发现,Compare翻译为“与。。。相比”而contrast可译为“明显不同的是。。。”,切记这种翻译方式就不会用错彼此了。

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1 orchids 8f804ec07c1f943ef9230929314bd063     
n.兰花( orchid的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare. 兰花和报春花这类野花越来越稀少了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • She breeds orchids in her greenhouse. 她在温室里培育兰花。 来自《简明英汉词典》
2 primroses a7da9b79dd9b14ec42ee0bf83bfe8982     
n.报春花( primrose的名词复数 );淡黄色;追求享乐(招至恶果)
参考例句:
  • Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare. 兰花和报春花这类野花越来越稀少了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The primroses were bollming; spring was in evidence. 迎春花开了,春天显然已经到了。 来自互联网
3 assume 6Ouyn     
vt.假装;假定,设想;承担;呈现,采取
参考例句:
  • I assume that he won't cheat you.想来他是不会骗你的。
  • We can't assume anything in this case.在这种情况下我们不可能做出假设。
4 proof OSUzB     
adj.防...的,耐...的,能防护;n.校样,证据,证明;vt.检验,给...做防护措施
参考例句:
  • He is living proof of the wonders of modern medicine.他是当代医学奇迹的活证明。
  • The proof was fished up from some old papers.校样在旧文件中被找到了。
5 liking mpXzQ5     
n.爱好;嗜好;喜欢
参考例句:
  • The word palate also means taste or liking.Palate这个词也有“口味”或“嗜好”的意思。
  • I must admit I have no liking for exaggeration.我必须承认我不喜欢夸大其词。
6 Oxford Wmmz0a     
n.牛津(英国城市)
参考例句:
  • At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
  • This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。
7 old-fashioned FmIzps     
adj.旧式的,保守的,挑剔的
参考例句:
  • Why do you still dress in an old-fashioned mode?你为什么还穿款式陈旧的衣服?
  • Here is an old-fashioned pump for drawing water from a well.这里有一个旧式水泵可从井里抽水。
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